滿文史料를 통해 본 後金시기 滿ㆍ蒙 관계

Abstract

In order to capture the realities of Manchu-Mongol relations during the Qing period, it is necessary to view the relations between the Manchu regime and the Mongols outside the framework of unilateral invasion and subordination, which was described by the official archival materials compiled by the Qing Dynasty. Early Manchu archives vividly describe the historical situations of Manchu-Mongol relation before 1644. Thus, they can provide the first step to exploring the complex process in which the Manchus and Mongols formed a complicated interrelation during the Late Jin period. Late Jin dynasty under Nurhaci’s reign was faced with the difficult tasks of unifying Jurchen tribes and tackling the powerful enemies of the Ming and the Chakhar tribe. As the antagonism between the Ming and the Late Jin became pronounced, Nurhaci strove to form an alliance with Inner Mongolian tribes and inevitably made compromises with Mongol tribes such as the Five Inner Khalkha and the Korcin tribe, which still maintained relatively strong power and influence in the region. Therefore, relationship between Late Jin under Nurhaci’s reign and the Mongols was not one of subordination, but one of alliance. However, as Ligdan Khan attacked neighboring Mongol tribes, the Korcin tribe that felt threatened by his action actively pushed for an alliance with the Late Jin. And Nurhaci carried out a full-scale attack on the Inner Khalkha later and turned the situation around to set a solid foundation to dominate the Inner Khalkha. In the early years of Hong Taiji’s reign, he lacked the strength to have a complete dominance over the other forces due to the co-ruling system of princes. Nevertheless, he gradually overpowered the other beile, which was made possible by the strong, multi-layered marital ties he formed with the Korcin Left Wing. In addition, he rallied the Inner Mongolian tribes via the campaigns against the Chakhar, and have them submit to the command of Late Jin ruler through strict military discipline, which reinforced the control over the Mongol leaders and the people. After defeating the Chakhar tribe and being offered the Yuan dynasty's imperial seal which used to be in Ligdan Khan’s possession, Hong Taiji eventually secured the legitimacy as the Great Khan of the Mongols.