요한복음 11:47-53에 나타난 예수 죽음의 배경과 목적: 성전과 유월절, 그리고 하나 됨
A Study of the Death of Jesus in John 11:47-53
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요한복음 11:47-53에서 예수의 죽음은 ‘민족’을 위한 것이고, 또한 하나 됨을 위해 ‘흩어진 하나님의 자녀’를 모으기 위한 것으로 나온다. ‘민족’과 ‘흩어진 하나님의 자녀’를 어떻게 볼 것인가에 대해 논쟁이 있다. 전통적으로는 각각 유대인과 이방인을 가리키는 것으로 보지만, 혹자는 팔레스타인 유대인과 디아스포라 유대인으로 보기도 하고, 또 다른 이는 유대인과 유대인+이방인으로 보기도 한다. 본 연구는 다양한 주장에도 불구하고 다음과 같은 이유에서 유대인과 이방인으로 보는 것이 가장 적절하다고 본다: 구약 예언, ‘세상’과 ‘하나님의 자녀’의 개념, 요한복음 12:20-24 해석. 아울러 요한복음 11:47-53에 나오는 예수의 죽음은 유월절과 성전 제사를 주요 배경으로 한다. 유월절과 성전 제사는 요한복음에서 예수의 죽음을 설명하는 핵심 주제이다. 예수께서는 유월절 양으로서 유월절의 종말론적 복을 성취하시기 위해 죽으셨다. 동시에 그의 죽음은 종말론적 새 성전을 세우기 위한 것이었다. 유대교에서 유월절 절기와 성전은 이스라엘을 하나 되게 하는 역할과 깊이 관련이 깊었는데, 이제 예수 그리스도 안에서 그 역할이 성취된다. 예수께서는 종말론적 유월절 양과 참 성전이 되셔서 새로운 하나님의 백성을 하나 되게 하신다.
Abstract
The death of Jesus was not only for the nation but also for gathering the scattered children of God for unity. There are many debates on how to view the ‘nation’ and the ‘scattered children of God.’ Traditionally, the ‘nation’ and the ‘scattered children of God’ are the Jews and the Gentiles respectively. However, some say that the former points to the Palestine Jews and the latter indicates the diaspora Jews. Others insist that the former means the Jews and the latter comprehends the Jews and the Gentiles. This study argues for the traditional view for the following reasons: OT prophecy, the conceptions of ‘world’ and ‘children of God,’ and the interpretation on 12:20-24. On the other hand, the Passover and the temple are the main backgrounds to the death of Jesus in John 11:47-53. These are two pivotal themes to explain the death of Jesus in the entire book of the Gospel of John. Jesus died as the Passover Lamb to fulfil the eschatological blessings of the Passover. Moreover, his death was intended to build the eschatological temple. The Passover and the temple were deeply related to unifying the Israelites in Judaism, and now their roles are fulfilled in Jesus Christ. Jesus as the eschatological Passover Lamb and the true temple makes the new people of God one.
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