요한복음의 새 창조 모티프: 표적, 십자가와 부활, 성전
New Creation Motif in the Gospel of John: Signs, Cross and Resurrection, and Temple
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요한복음 연구에서 새 창조 모티프는 그동안 요한복음 전체를 아우르는 핵심 주제로 인정받지 못했다. 많은 요한복음 주석가들은 주로 서문이나 성령 수여 장면에 나타난 새 창조 모티프에 초점을 맞춰왔다. 본 연구는 새 창조 모티프가 요한복음 전체에 퍼져있는 핵심 주제라는 것을 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 첫째, 예수의 표적들은 예수께서 새 창조의 시행자시라는 것을 분명하게 나타낸다. 전반부(1-12장)에 나오는 6개의 표적은 예수께서 무지한 자에게 빛을 비추시고, 죽은 자에게 생명을 주시는 분으로 묘사한다. 둘째, 후반부(13-21장)에 나오는 예수의 십자가와 부활 사건은 새 창조의 시대가 시작되었다는 것을 공개적으로 보여주는 가장 분명한 표적이다. 예수께서 종말론적 고난을 겪으시지만, 새 창조의 첫 열매로 부활하신다. 셋째, 요한복음에 두드러진 성전 신학은 요한복음 새 창조 모티프를 더욱 돋보이게 한다. 첫 창조에서 에덴동산이 성전과 같은 기능을 했다면, 이제 요한복음에서는 예수와 그의 공동체가 새로운 성전의 역할을 한다. 그러므로 자주 새 창조 모티프로 언급되는 요한복음 서문과 예수의 성령 수여 외에도, 십자가와 부활을 포함한 요한복음의 다양한 표적들은 예수의 새 창조 사역을 설명한다. 뿐만 아니라 요한복음에서 강조되는 성전 신학은 새 창조 주제가 요한복음에서 얼마나 광범위하게 퍼져있는 지를 보여준다.
Abstract
In the study of the Gospel of John, the new creation motif has scarcely been acknowledged as a central theme which comprehends the whole Gospel of John. Many Johannine scholars have exclusively placed a focus on the Prologue(1:1-18) and Jesus’ impartation of the Spirit(20:22) in terms of the new creation motif. This study is purposed to present the new creation motif as a crucial theme which is prevalent in the Gospel of John on the basis of the following reasons. First, Jesus’ signs unveil that Jesus is a decisive agent of new creation. The six signs in the first half of the Gospel of John describe Jesus as the one who changes ignorance to knowledge, death to life, and old generation to new generation. Second, Jesus’ cross and resurrection are the most apparent miracle that discloses the beginning of the kingdom of new creation. Jesus experienced the eschatological suffering and came to life again as a first fruit of resurrection. Third, the Johannine temple theology effectively supports the prevalence of the new creation motif in the Gospel of John. The fact that the garden of Eden functioned as a temple in the Genesis creation story demonstrates how old creation is closely related to the temple theology. In the Gospel of John, Jesus and his community who are the agents of new creation are depicted as the new temples.
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