요한복음의 성전사건에서 드러난 예수의 정체성 - 2장 15-17절의 내용을 중심으로 -
Unveiling Jesus’ Identity in the Temple Incident of the Fourth Gospel: Focusing on 2:15-17
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본 논문의 목적은 요한복음의 성전사건 기사를 헬라어의 문법적인용례, 구약성경과의 연관성, 그리고 학자들의 다양한 견해를 고려하여 연구함으로써 본문에 의도된 예수의 모습을 고찰하는 것이다. 이를 위해 필자는 병풍 구조로 되어있는 성전 사건(2:13-22)의 전반부인 요한복음 2장 15절에서 17절까지의 내용을 면밀히 검토하였다. 첫째, 본 논문은 πάντας를 집합적인 용어를 지칭하는 대명사로 설정하고 τε ... καὶ로 이루어진 부분 동격의 접속사와 연관되는 것으로 간주하여 요한복음 2장 15절에 등장하는 예수의 채찍질을 제의용 가축 ‘소’(βοῦς)와 ‘양’(πρόβατον)을 향한 것으로 한정하였을 뿐 아니라예수의 채찍질의 비폭력성을 드러내고자 하였다. 둘째, 예수는 2장 16b에서 성전 경내에서의 모든 상업행위를 금지시킨다. 이러한 그의 조치는 스가랴 14장 21b의 성취로써 제의적인예식의 종결을 선포하고 새로운 예배의 시대가 도래했음을 알리는 예수의 행위이다. 이를 드러내기 위해 본 연구는 스가랴 21장 14b의 가나안인( כְנַֽעֲנִ֥י , Χαναναῖος[LXX])을 상인으로 해석하였다. 셋째, 요한복음 2장 17절은 시편 69편 9절을 인용해 예수가 누구인지를 드러낸다. 여기서 요한 기자는 LXX의 부정 과거형 동사κατέφαγεν을 미래시제 καταφάγεταί로 바꾸어 사용하여 예수의 성전경내에서의 행위와 예수의 수난, 십자가의 죽음과 부활을 연결시키고, 더 나아가 예수를 종말론적인 성전과 예배 질서를 완성하는 자로 드러낸다. 본 연구는 요한복음 2장 13-17절의 성전사건에서 드러난 예수의정체성을 더 선명하게 드러낸다: 예수는 비폭력 자이며 십자가의 죽음과 부활을 통한 구약의 예언을 성취한 하나님의 아들이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to examine the appearance of Jesus’ identity intended in the text of the Temple Incident in The Forth Gospel considering the grammatical usage of biblical Greek, the connection with the Old Testament, and the various views of scholars. I have carefully reviewed the contents of John 2:15-17, the first half of the temple event (2:13-22), which has a diptych structure. The character of Jesus's whipping was identified by understanding "πάντας" as a pronoun referring to a collective term and related to "τε ... καὶ", the conjunctions of a partial equivalent. The whipping in John 2:15 was explained as a limited action which was directed at the animals for the temple cult "Oxen"(βοῦς) and "Sheep" (πρόβατον) that revealed the non-violence aspect of Jesus' act. Jesus prohibits all commercial activities in the temple precincts in 2:16b. His action was taken to declare the end of the temple cult and announce the coming of a new era of worship with the fulfillment of Zechariah 21:14b. To make this clear, this study interpreted the Canaanites of Zechariah 21:14b as merchants. John 2:17 refers to Psalm 69, verse 9, to reveal who Jesus is. John replaced the aorist κατέφαγεν [LXX] with the future tense κατ αφάγεταί which connects Jesus' actions in the precinct with his suffering, crucifixion and resurrection. Furthermore, Jesus is revealed as a person who completed the eschatological temple and order of worship. This study reveals more clearly the identity of Jesus disclosed in the Temple Incident of John 2:13-17: Jesus is a nonviolent person and the son of God who fulfilled the prophecies of the Old Testament through the crucifixion and resurrection.
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