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요한문헌에 나타난 예수 그리스도 죽음의 다차원적 해석에 따른 구원론의 단계들

Soteriological Phases according to the Multidimensional Interpretation of Jesus Christ’s Death in Johannine Literature

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초록

예수 그리스도의 죽음은 기독교 구원론의 핵심이다. 소위 종교개혁 신학의 이신칭의교리는 단순하게 죄로부터의 해방을 가져오는 그의 대속적-대리적인 죽음이해에 기반을두고 있다. 그래서 그 이후의 기독교 신학은 그리스도의 죽음의 다차원적인 구원사적의미를 총체적으로 다루지 못하고 부분적으로만 취급하였다. 본 연구서는 요한문헌에나타난 예수 그리스도의 죽음에 대한 다차원적 해석을 시도하고 이를 인간의 구원론의단계들에 적용하는 목표를 추구한다. 이 목표에 도달하기 위하여 연구본문의 종교사적배경에 대하여 관심을 촉구한다. 결국 인간의 구원은 일회적으로 완성되는 것이 아니라존재론적 구원, 실존적 구원, 현실적(실제적) 구원 그리고 종말론적 구원의 점진적 진행을 통하여 완성되는 것으로 제시된다. 이 연구가 보여주는 기존의 연구에 대한 현저한입장의 차이는 요한문헌의 우주 보편적 구원사상을 밝혀 타 종교인에 대한 관용적 태도의 강력한 요청과 윤리문제로 과소평가 되었던 신앙의 행위를 반드시 성취하여야 할필수불가결한 구원의 성숙한 단계로 제시하는 점이다. 또한 저자는 요한문헌에서 실현된 종말론뿐만 아니라 그리스도의 미래적 재림에 대한 기대를 읽어내고 있다.

Abstract

The Jesus Christ’s Death on the cross stands at the center of Christian soteriology. So-called, the doctrine of justification of the Reformation took the view mainly on the basis of representative-redemptive understanding on his death leading us to the deliverance from sin. Therefore the theology of post-reformation did not completely deal with the multidimensional meaning of Jesus Christ’s death, but partially. This paper would be trying to interpret multifaceted the death of Jesus Christ and to apply them respectively to the soteriological phases of human being. To reach these purposes, the intensive attention to the religious background of research materials should be demanded. After all, the salvation of all human being is brought to completion not at a stroke, but comes to be actualized through the ongoing progress developing from ontological to existential redemption, from existential to realistic redemption and from realistic to eschatological redemption. With discovering of universalism from Johannine literature, the outstanding distinction of the position of this study in comparison with that of the previous studies consists in the very powerful request for the tolerant attitude toward other religious people and in the emphasis on the doing of faith, underestimated in the sense of Christian ethic, as a inevitable phase of mature realistic salvation. Additionally the author finds out not only already realized eschatology from Johannine literature, but also the expectation of Christ’s futuristic advent.

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