왕부지와 정약용 철학에 나타난 본성론 문제

Abstract

Wang Fuzhi and Jeong Yakyong are the successors of Mencius’s theory of Human Nature as Goodness(性善說). Wang Fuzhi sees it from the perspective of Goodness of Qi and Goodness of Li(氣善‧理善). Jeong Yakyong argues for the theory of Human Nature as Moral Inclination(性嗜好說) of like goodness and hate evil(好善惡惡). This is distinguished different from the Neo-confucianism’s theory of Human Nature as Goodness based on the Qi’s Goodness and evil(有善有惡) and Goodness of Li. Wang Fuzhi and Jeong Yakyong think that the human nature is not a metaphysical and immutable substance which exceeds the time and space but the human’s unique characteristics which should be realized in our daily life. In addition, they do not limit the Four Beginnings(四端) to the ethical emotion as Neo-Confucianist did but consider it as the human nature of the moral mind(道心). But they have different opinions from each other on the ground of non goodness(不善). Jeong Yakyong considered the biological mind(人心) as the ground of non goodness while Wang Fuzhi do not consider the biological mind and the moral mind as contradictory concepts but the organic combination and consider the situation which is not in compliance with the right place(位) as the ground of non goodness. This shows that Wang Fuzhi considered the biological thing and ethical thing not as a contradictory relation but as an organic relation while Jeong Yakyong differentiates the Spiritual Awakening(靈知) aspects from instinctive body(形軀) aspects to consider the Spiritual Awakening thing more critical. Wang Fuzhi expressed the theory of Human Nature as Goodness from the perspective of organic combination of body and mind based on the theory of practice original appearance(踐形) while Jeong Yakyong expressed the theory of Human Nature as Moral Inclination from the perspective of moral body(大體) in the midst of physical body and physical body(小體). As such, Wang Fuzhi’s theory of Human Nature as Goodness expanded the scope of human nature as it unified the biological stuff with ethical stuff while Jeong Yakyong considered the ethical stuff only within the scope of human nature, thus specializing the human’s identity.