도덕적 체화과정으로서 ‘체인’에 관한 신유학의 세 관점 - 주희, 왕수인, 담약수의 체인관을 중심으로-

Abstract

This paper examines the theory of Embodied Realization (Tiren, 體認) in Neo-Confucianism from the perspective of moral embodiment. To reinterpret Neo-Confucian self-cultivation in a modern context, it is first necessary to clarify the concept of Embodied Realization, which is similar to "Embodiment (體化)." This study highlights this concept by comparing the Embodied Realization theories of Zhu Xi, Wang Yangming, and Zhan Ruoshui. It focuses on their connections to notions such as "True knowledge (Zhenzhi, 眞知)" and Embodied Realization, "Innate knowledge (Liangzhi, 良知)" and Embodied Realization, and the role of Habitual Mind (Xixin, 習心) in Embodied Realization. The Embodied Realization theories of Zhu Xi, Wang Yangming, and Zhan Ruoshui present different methods of moral embodiment. Zhu Xi emphasizes a model that starts with learning external standards, and then internalizes them to achieve integration. Wang Yangming highlights a model that raises internal ethical sensitivity as a foundation for examining external standards. Zhan Ruoshui synthesizes the two approaches, maintaining inner tranquility while allowing the harmonious nature of integration between internal and external aspects to emerge naturally. inward-oriented Embodied Realization, Wang Yangming's as outward-oriented Embodied Realization, and Zhan Ruoshui's as a synthesis of the two, pursuing an inward-outward unity (Neiwai Heyi, 內外合一) in Embodied Realization. When compared to contemporary theories of embodied cognition, Zhu Xi and Zhan Ruoshui’s Embodied Realization theories align with the hypothesis of embodied cognition, while Wang Yangming’s Embodied Realization theory resonates with the hypothesis of enacted cognition. Their theories of Embodied Realization correspond to one of the methodological processes of moral embodiment proposed by Neo-Confucianism and offer valuable insights into the rapidly growing field of contemporary moral psychology.