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미·중 전략경쟁 국면에서의 중국·아프가니스탄 외교 관계 분석

US-China Strategic Competition and its Implication on the China-Afganistan Diplomatic Relations

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초록

2001년 9월 26일, 미국 중앙정보부 ‘돌사탕’(Jawbreaker)팀이 반 탈레반 세력을 지원하기 위해 아프가니스탄에 투입됐다. 이어 10월 7일 미B-52의 공습으로 시작된 작전명 '항구적 자유 작전(Operation Enduring Freedom, OEF)' 아프가니스탄 전투는 3명의 미군 사상자만을 남기고 두달 만에 미국의 일방적인 승리로 끝났다. ‘정의로운 전쟁’으로 명명된 이전쟁의 전투과정은 신속했고 탈레반에 대한 조치는 단호했다. 전투가 한창 진행 중이었던 2001년 11월 탈레반 지도부는 아프가니스탄 과도 정부의 수장을 거쳐 아프가니스탄 이슬람 공화국 1대 대통령이 된 하미드카르자위(Hamid Karzai)와 만났다. 바넷 루빈(Barnnet Rubin) 당시 UN 아프가니스탄 특별 사무총장 보좌관의 전언에 따르면 탈레반 지도자 물라 무함마드 오마르는 탈레반에 대한 사면권만 보장해준다면 조건 없는 항복 및 모든 국내 정치 참여 포기하겠다고약속했다(Shah 2002). 오사마 빈라덴의 신병 인도는 거부했다. 9·11 테러와관련해 알카에다와 정보를 공유하거나 협력했다는 어떠한 증거도 없었던 탈레반 입장에서 많은 것을 포기하는 제안이었다. 그러나 협상 타결을 원했던하미드 카르자위와는 달리 부시 미국 정부는 이를 거절했다. 도날드 H. 럼스펠트 미 국방부 장관은 기자회견을 통해 “미국은 탈레반의 항복 협상에 관심없다”라 공식 선언했다. 이는 딕 체니 부통령이 “우리는 악과 대화하지 않습니다. 무너뜨릴 뿐입니다”라고 말한 것과 궤를 같이 하는 것이었다. 압도적인 군사적 우위와 9·11 사태 이후 구성된 테러와의 ‘정의로운 전쟁’이라는 도덕적 우위를 확보한 미국으로서는 당연한 선택이었다(Aldrich 2002).

Abstract

The withdrawal of United States from Afghanistan on August 15, 2021, has created a “power vacuum” which bring another dynamics to US-China strategic competition. China has been enhanced its aids and investments to the countries that are bound to the Belt and Road Initiative as the US's containment against China in the Asia-Pacific region has intensified. In this manner, the return of Taliban regime in Afghanistan has many implications not only on the regional politics level but as the foreign relations of international community. China is gradually including Afghanistan within the Belt and Road Initiative. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor(CCAWEC) involve Afghanistan, linking Afghanistan to the China-led value chain. As the threat perception of China on East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) of using Afghanistan as a haven rises, the necessity of both party also risend. Vice versa, Taliban regime of Afghanistan needs Chinese FDI and its value chain such as Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) to stabilize their economic constraints through the revitalization of the businesses. That is, within the framework of the US-China strategic competition, China and Afghanistan are expanding its cooperation in accordance with their respective strategic needs.

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