학령전기 아동의 신체활동 수준과 어머니의 신체활동 증진행위
Physical Activity Level of Preschool Children and Their Mothers' Behaviors Promoting Children's Physical Activity
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우리나라 학령전기 아동의 신체활동 수준과 주 양육자인 어머니의 신체활동 지지 및 신체활동 증진 행위의수준을 확인하고, 그 관련성을 파악하고자 한 본 연구의 결과, 아동의신체활동 시간과좌식활동 모두미국, 캐나다, 호주 등의 학령전기 아동의 신체활동 권고 기준에미치지못했다. 또한부모의신체활동증진행위도낮은수준으로나타났으며, 특히실내신체활동과독립적 외부활동에 대한 허용도가 매우 미비한 수준이었다. 이와 같은 결과는 환경적 요인과 학령전기 아동의 신체활동에 대한 부정확한 인식과 제한적 태도와 관련이있다. 특히 본 연구결과 부모의 아동 신체활동 지지만이 아동의 신체활동 증진 및 좌식활동 감소와 유의한상관관계가있는것으로나타났다. 따라서학령전기아동의신체활동증진을위해서는사회-환경적인요건의충족과더불어부모를대상으로하거나, 부모를포함한가족중심의 중재 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구는 우리나라 학령전기 아동의 신체활동 수준과 부모의 신체활동 증진행위를 국내에서는 처음으로탐색하였다는데 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 추후학령전기 아동의 신체활동 증진 프로그램 개발을 위한기초자료를 제공하는데 기여할 것이다. 그러나 학령전기 아동의 신체활동과 어머니의 아동 신체활동 증진행위와의 상관관계를 탐색함에 있어 혼란변인에 대한 보정이 이루어지지 않아 결과를 일반화하는데 제한이 있다. 따라서 추후 연구는 혼란변인에 대한 통제를 통해신체활동 증진행위와의 상관관계를 재 탐색해 볼 필요가있다. 또한객관적방법에의한아동 신체활동의 수준 평가를 제안하며, 부모의 신체활동 증진 행위 이외에 다른 학령전기 아동의 신체활동 관련요인에 대한탐색이 필요하다.
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore preschool children's physical activity level and their mother's physical activity promotion behaviors. Methods: Physical activity level of preschool children were measured with self report from mothers and were evaluated based on the physical activity guideline of National Association for Sports and Physical Education. Mothers' physical activity promotion behaviors for their children were measured using the questionnaire developed by McMinn et al. A total of 172 questionnaires from the mothers in Seoul and Daejeon were used for data analysis. Results: Mean of structured physical activity time of the preschool children was 37.88 minutes per day and 61% of them had inappropriate level of physical activity. Mean of sedentary behavior time was 137.21 minutes per day. Most of the children (93%) spent longer sedentary behavior time than the guideline. Mothers with preschool children showed moderate level of physical activity promotion behaviors for their children; mean scores of 12.92 out of 25 for physical activity support and 10.13out of 25 for physical activity permission, and a mean score 14.66 out of 25 for sedentary behavior limiting. Correlations between mothers' physical activity support and increasing of structured physical activity (r=0.165, p=0.05) and decreasing of sedentary behaviors (r=-0.298, p<0.001) were statistically significant, but not strong. Conclusions: Preschool children need to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviors. Family focused physical activity program for preschool children could be necessary including parental education for improving parental support to increase physical activity level of preschool children.
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