정중한 예의와 정치적 예의의 공존을 통한 시민적 예의 교육

Abstract

Civility is a complicated notion that requires more careful. Generally, civility is defined as courteous behaviour or politeness. But, civility is not simply or principally about manners or etiquette, polite behavior and also is more than just manners, politeness. While manners focus on the exchanges between and among individuals, civility also includes the exchanges between individual and the community. Good manners and polite interactions with others foster a sense of community that strengthens the community as a whole. However, the concept of civility has sparked confusion. Civility interweaves humane/polite civility and political civility. Being polite is certainly not sufficient for political civility and may not even be necessary. Humane/Polite civility imposes much greater restrictions on freedom of expression than political civility. We must not commit the civility the reductionist mistake of restricting civility to polite behaviour or etiquette. Broadly understood, civility concerns communication about and within the political sphere. Political civility is a form of reciprocity and recognition between citizens regarding the kind of reasons and the standards used within argumentation on public issues and affairs. Political civility, considered as a democratic civic/public virtue goes beyond mere politeness to include decent respect and consideration as opposed to rudeness of behavior. Political civility could be the true of those who engage in ruthless acts of extreme violence against citizens of a polis. Political civility can be defined as a proclivity towards non-violence and respect for the principles of comprise, mutual respect, and power-sharing among different ways of life. Sometimes, uncivil actions should be tolerated, sometimes not. Political civility is not mere politeness but a matter of treating others as equals. Political civility plays a role in the relationship between citizens. Therefore, we should activate civility education through co-exsistence of politeness and political civility to consolidate more civil society. Being “uncivil” is defined as “barbaric”, lacking in courtesy, and not conducive to civil harmony and welfare. However, granted that moral disagreement is a fact of any democratic society, we need a virtue that will enables us to bridge the disagreement politically. Political civility bridges disagreement by restraining our desire to maximize our conception of the good in the public spheres. Uncivil/critical consciousness-raising has a crucial role to play in securing a hearing for the disadvantaged and making a more just society. Incivility is not always wrong. In exploitative class hierarchies or unjust states that deny opportunities, dissent and individual rights, uncivil actions may be critical consciousness-raising and revolution justified. We require civility education for narrowing the gap of civility and incivility, polite civility and political civility. And we need it for coexisting both of civility, consisted of “just” citizen as well as “honest” citizen.