한국전쟁기 북한의 점령지역 토지개혁-경기도 화성군 안용면 안녕리를 중심으로-

Abstract

In 1911, the 93.4% of total area was national land in Gyeonggi-do, Hwasung-gun, Anyong-myeon, Annyung-ri. In the Japanese colonial era, the biggest landowner of Annyung-ri was the Oriental Colonization Company because the most of national land was relocated to it. After the liberation in Annyung-ri, the owner land was overwhelmingly increased compared to the tenant land. This phenomenon was due to the land grant of the US military government and the sale by landowners. Directly after the outbreak of the Korean War, North Korea started land reform rapidly. The Annyung-ri rural commission took the actual role of the land confiscation and distribution to the employed peasants and the peasants of small property based on the land distribution points system. In these days, the confiscation target was the tenant lands belonged to Wang-Jik Lee, individuals and temples. For the land grant from the US military government, North Korea allowed to own the land if the redemption was repaid even partly, and distributed the land to the tenant farmers and the farmers with less or no land. For the evenness of land distribution, the land distribution points system was applied. As a result, the land distribution was advantageous to the employed and tenant farmers over the landowning farmers who had to hand over their own lands. Thus, the land reform in Annyung-ri during Korean war was not fully effective. At first, the individual owning land was greatly increased because the land grant of the US military government vanished the biggest landowner, the Oriental Colonization Company. So the tenant land comprising the only 22.7% of the total area was confiscated and distributed. Moreover there was no landowners having huge land, but the most were the absentee landowners. So the tension and conflict between the landowners and the tenant farmers didn't come to the front. The internal conflict of farmers was even intensified during the distribution process that the tenant land was taken by the other farmers.