Mentoring: A Review of Literature froma Systems Approach
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멘토링 프로그램이 확대, 실시됨에 따라서 멘토링을 실시하는 방법도 다양해지고 있을 뿐 아니라, 멘토링에 관한 연구 또한 광범위한 주제와 연구방법을 통해 다양해져 왔다. 그러나 인적자원개발 실천가들은 멘토링 프로그램을 기획하고 수행하고 평가할 때 과연 필요한 모든 요소들을 다 고려했다고 어떻게 확신할 수 있는가? 인적자원개발 연구자들은 멘토링에 관한 연구주제가 어떤 것이 아직 연구되지 않았고, 또 앞으로 연구되어야 할 주제가 어떤 것이 있는지 알 수 있는가? 이 연구에서는 멘토링에 관한 선행연구들을 시스템적 접근방법을 기반으로 검토하여 현재까지 연구되어온 멘토링에 관한 이론 및 지식들을 정리하고 또 향후 멘토링 관련 연구주제를 찾는 것을 목적으로 한다. 따라서, 멘토링 투입, 멘토링 프로세스, 멘토링 산출, 이렇게 세 분야별 선행연구들을 고찰하고 대표적인 연구주제들을 도출하여 소개하였다. 기존의 멘토링에 관한 연구가 멘토링의 투입, 프로세스, 산출로 명확하게 구분되어 있는 것은 아니지만, 그 초점에 따라서 연구주제를 분류하여 고찰하였다. 멘토링의 투입 부분에서 멘토링 참여자들의 특징이 어떻게 연구되었는지, 멘토와 멘티간의 짝을 이루는 방법이나 조합에 대한 연구, 멘토의 경력에 관한 연구에 대해서 논의하였다. 멘토링 프로세스 부분에서는 기획된 멘토링과 자연발생적인 멘토링, 그룹간의 멘토링, 가상 멘토링, 멘토의 역할에 대해 논의하였다. 멘토링 산출 부분에서는 멘티와 멘토, 조직에 어떤 영향이나 유익을 주는지에 관련한 선행연구들을 논의하였다. 결론적으로 각 멘토링의 투입, 프로세스, 산출별로 향후 더 연구되어야 할 주제를 제시하였다. 예를 들면, 이문화권의 멘토링 관계, 멘토를 위한 교육훈련 요구, 이문화권에서 가상으로 이뤄지는 멘토링의 관계, 멘토링이 조직에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 부분, 멘토링이 실패시 가져올 수 있는 부정적인 영향 등을 제안하였다.
Abstract
Numerous studies about mentoring have been conducted, and this paper reviews current studies on mentoring programs from a systems approach. To understand current studies about mentoring, the paper identified three major research questions and reviewed how those questions have been examined in each area: mentoring input, mentoring process, and mentoring outcome. The secton of mentoring input discusses the most frequently examined topics, including participants characteristics, match & mismatch, and mentor’s experience level. The section of mentoring process discusses formality, group mentoring, virtual mentoring and role of mentor. The section of mentoring outcome discusses benefits to protg, to mentor, and to organization. The paper also identified two emerging questions, which are not answered yet but need to be studied in each area.
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