모바일 테크놀로지 활용 교육을 위한 초등교사 역량 모델 개발 및 요구도 분석
Development of a Competence Model for Elementary School Teachers’ Education Using Mobile Technology and Analysis on Needs
1
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 모바일 테크놀로지의 효과적인 활용을 통해 최적화된 교육을 가능하게 하는 초등교사의 역량이 무엇인지를 종합하는 역량 모델을 개발하는 목적을 지닌다. 또한, 도출된 역량 중 우선적으로 무엇을 고려해야 하는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 모바일 학습은 학습자의 활동 촉진, 정보 탐색의 용이성 제공 등을 통해 유의미한 학습을 도모할 수 있다. 보다 효과적인 모바일 테크놀로지 활용 교육이 이루어지기 위해서 초등교사들은 모바일 테크놀로지의 교육적 활용을 가능하게 하는 역량을 지녀야 한다. 하지만 이상의 중요성에도 불구하고 초등교사들이 지녀야 하는 역량이 무엇인지에 대한 종합적 접근은 미흡하다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 선행연구 검토, 행동사건 면담, 두 차례의 델파이 분석을 통해 역량 모델을 개발하였다. 이를 모바일 테크놀로지를 수업에 활용해 본 경험이 있는 총 45명의 현직 초등학교 교사를 대상으로 설문을 실시한 후 Borich의 요구도 분석과 The Locus for Focus 모델 분석을 실시하여 공통적으로 우선순위를 지니는 세부 역량이 무엇인지를 확인하였다. 연구 결과, ‘모바일 어플리케이션 및 기술 활용’, ‘모바일 테크놀로지 활용 교수학습’, ‘학습활동 촉진’, ‘모바일 학습 평가’, ‘수업 및 활동 관리’, ‘모바일 정보 및 자원 관리’ 총 여섯 가지의 주 역량에 포함되는 20개의 세부 역량을 개발하였다. 요구도 분석 결과 모바일 도구 활용을 위한 기술적 환경 점검 및 준비, 모바일 도구 활용을 위한 교수학습 방법 탐색, 학습자 통제를 통한 주의 분산 방지, 활용 사례 공유 및 교류, 윤리 및 정보 소양 안내의 세부 역량에 대한 접근이 우선적으로 이루어질 필요가 있음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a competence model for elementary school teachers’ ability to optimize education using mobile technology effectively. Also, it was to identify which competencies should be considered first through the needs analysis. Using mobile technology in education can promote meaningful learning by facilitating learners’ activities and providing easy access to information. To utilize it more effectively, teachers in elementary school should have comprehensive competencies. Despite the significance of teachers’ competencies, there is a lack of research on comprehensively investigate and synthesize them. Using literature review, behavioral event interview, and Delphi method, the competence model was developed. For analysis on needs, the survey was conducted on 45 in-service teachers in elementary school who have used mobile technology in class. The Borich’s needs analysis and the Locus for Focus model analysis were utilized to confirm which competencies have the common priorities. As a results, there were the six main competencies as follows: ‘Using mobile applications and technologies’, ‘Teaching and learning based mobile technology’, ‘Promoting learning activity’, ‘Evaluation of mobile learning’, ‘Management of classroom and activity’, and ‘Management of mobile Information and Resource’. Also, twenty detailed competencies were developed. Through needs analysis for them, it was identified that checking and preparing the technical environment for using mobile tools, exploring the teaching and learning methods for using mobile tools, preventing the distraction through learners’ control, sharing and exchange of use cases, guiding ethics and information literacy should be considered preferentially in competencies.
참고문헌 (79)
- 김성욱, "모바일 탐구학습을 위한 수업설계의 개념모형 개발 연구: 테크놀로지 통합을 중심으로", 교육공학연구, 33(2), pp.327~364 (2017), 한국교육공학회[DOI]
- 김현진, "모바일기기 활용 초등학교 협력적 현장학습에서 분산인지 기반 학습과정 분석", 교육정보미디어연구, 21(3), pp.361~387 (2015), 한국교육정보미디어학회[DOI]
- 곽형석, "모바일을 활용한 형성평가가 과학수업의 흥미성과 자기주도성에 미치는 영향", 한국과학교육학회지, 34(3), pp.285~294 (2014), 한국과학교육학회[DOI]
- 남창우, "모바일러닝 환경에서 모바일 기기와 온라인커뮤니케이션 도구 활용 인식 및 집단자존감이 협력학습 태도에 미치는 영향", 교육정보미디어연구, 19(4), pp.811~835 (2013), 한국교육정보미디어학회
- 박정미, "문제중심학습 기반의 인터넷 윤리 학습 모형", 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지, 15(2), pp.29~36 (2012), 한국컴퓨터교육학회[DOI]
- 서경혜, "온라인 교사공동체의 협력적 전문성 개발 : 인디스쿨 사례연구", 한국교원교육연구, 28(1), pp.133~161 (2011), 한국교원교육학회[DOI]
- 서경혜, "초등 교사들의 온라인상에서의 수업자료 공유에 대한 사례연구", 초등교육연구, 24(2), pp.257~284 (2011), 한국초등교육학회
- 서미연, "중등교사의 테크놀로지 활용 학습자 중심 수업을 위한교수설계 활동체제의 변화", 교육공학연구, 33(3), pp.681~708 (2017), 한국교육공학회[DOI]
- 소효정, "교사의 관점에서 제안된 초등 과학 영역의 모바일 앱 콘텐츠 유형 및 주제", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 16(3), pp.488~497 (2016), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- 송해덕, "국가직무능력표준(NCS)의 교육적 활용을 위한 전문대학 교수의 역량 탐색", 교육학연구, 52(4), pp.159~190 (2014), 한국교육학회
- 양은하, "교수역량 증진을 위한 변화필요도분석", 교육공학연구, 26(2), pp.25~52 (2010), 한국교육공학회
- 윤정현, "과학 수업에서 스마트 기기를 활용한 개념 적응적 개별화 학습의 효과", 한국과학교육학회지, 35(2), pp.325~331 (2015), 한국과학교육학회[DOI]
- 이지원, "컴퓨팅 사고력 기반 물리 교수자료 개발 경험이 과학 교사와 예비 교사의 테크놀로지 교수 내용 지식 (TPACK) 향상에 미치는 영향", 새물리, 68(2), pp.202~216 (2018), 한국물리학회
- 이홍민, "역량평가 인적자본 역량모델 개발과 역량평가" (2012), 리드리드
- 임걸, "스마트폰 기반 사회네트워크 서비스 활용수업 사례연구: 의사소통 내용 및 도구적 특성 분석을 중심으로", 교육방법연구, 22(4), pp.91~114 (2010), 한국교육방법학회[DOI]
- 임정훈, "모바일 학습(Mobile Learning)을 위한 교수학습 모형의 설계 방향 탐색", 한국교육논단, 8(1), pp.101~124 (2009), 한국교육포럼(아시아태평양교육학회)
- 임철일, "대학 스마트 교육의 영향과 부작용 최소화 방안", 아시아교육연구, 18(4), pp.739~769 (2017), 교육연구소
- 정다운, "모바일 증강현실 기술을 이용한 역사관광정보 서비스에 관한 연구", Spatial Information Research, 20(2), pp.59~70 (2012), 대한공간정보학회[DOI]
- 정선아, "유아교사의 직무역량 요구 분석", 유아교육연구, 33(1), pp.299~321 (2013), 한국유아교육학회[DOI]
- 한송이, "증강현실 기반 수업설계 원리 개발 연구", 교육공학연구, 35(2), pp.455~489 (2019), 한국교육공학회[DOI]
- 한승연, "사이버대학 교수자의 교수역량 모델링", 교육방법연구, 24(4), pp.837~862 (2012), 한국교육방법학회[DOI]
- 한형종, "대학 역전학습 온·오프라인 연계 설계전략에 관한 연구", 교육공학연구, 31(1), pp.1~38 (2015), 한국교육공학회[DOI]
- Aubusson, P., "Mobile learning for teacher professional learning : Benefits, obstacles and issues", The Journal of the Association for Learning Technology, 17(3), pp.233~247 (2009)
- Birdir, K., "Research chefs’ competencies : A delphi approach", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12(3), pp.205~209 (2000)
- Borich, G. D., "A needs assessment model for conducting follow-up studies", Journal of teacher education, 31(3), pp.39~42 (1980)
- Bouhnik, D., "WhatsApp goes to school : Mobile instant messaging between teachers and students", Journal of Information Technology Education : Research, 13(1), pp.217~231 (2014)
- Bressler, D. M., "A mixed methods assessment of students' flow experiences during a mobile augmented reality science game", Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(6), pp.505~517 (2013)
- Cakir, R., "Technology integration and technology leadership in schools as learning organizations", Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(4), pp.273~282 (2012)
- Chang, H. Y., "Students’ development of socio-scientific reasoning in a mobile augmented reality learning environment", International Journal of Science Education, 40(12), pp.1410~1431 (2018)
- Chen, W., "Connecting learning spaces using mobile technology", Educational Technology, 50(5), pp.45~50 (2010)
- Chu, H. C., "Potential negative effects of mobile learning on students' learning achievement and cognitive load : A format assessment perspective", Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(1), pp.332~344 (2014)
- Cochrane, T. D., "Exploring mobile learning success factors", The Journal of the Association for Learning Technology, 18(2), pp.133~148 (2010)
- Conn, C., "Managing and maximizing a class set of iPads", Learning and Leading with Technology, 39(8), pp.32~33 (2012)
- Divitini, M., "Improving communication through mobile technologies: Which possibilities?", Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education, pp.86~90 (2002), IEEE
- Domingo, M. G., "Exploring the use of educational technology in primary education : Teachers' perception of mobile technology learning impacts and applications' use in the classroom", Computers in Human Behavior, 56, pp.21~28 (2016)
- Dubois, D. D., "Competency-based performance improvement" (1993), HRD Press
- Ekanayake, S. Y., "Developing teachers’ pedagogical practice in teaching science lessons with mobile phones", Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 23(2), pp.131~150 (2014)
- Erdogan, A., "Relationship between math teacher candidates’ technological pedagogical and content knowledge(TPACK)and achievement levels", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), pp.2707~2711 (2010)
- Foulger, T. S., "Innovators in teacher education : Diffusing mobile technologies in teacher preparation curriculum", Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 30(1), pp.21~29 (2013)
- Frohberg, D., "Mobile learning projects : A critical analysis of the state of the art", Journal of computer assisted learning, 25(4), pp.307~331 (2009)
- Gikas, J., "Mobile computing devices in higher education : Student perspectives on learning with cellphones, smartphones & social media", The Internet and Higher Education, 19, pp.18~26 (2013)
- Glazer, E. M., "The collaborative apprenticeship model : Situated professional development within school settings", Teaching and teacher education, 22(2), pp.179~193 (2006)
- Glazer, E., "Promoting technology integration through collaborative apprenticeship", Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), pp.57~67 (2005)
- Gray, K., "Medical students’ use of Facebook to support learning : Insights from four case studies", Medical teacher, 32(12), pp.971~976 (2010)
- Herring, M. C., "Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge(TPACK)for educators" (2016), Routledge
- Hwang, G. J., "A formative assessment-based mobile learning approach to improving the learning attitudes and achievements of students", Computers & Education, 56(4), pp.1023~1031 (2011)
- Hwang, G. J., "An interactive concept map approach to supporting mobile learning activities for natural science courses", Computers & education, 57(4), pp.2272~2280 (2011)
- Hwang, G. J., "Effects of the inquiry-based mobile learning model on the cognitive load and learning achievement of students", Interactive learning environments, 21(4), pp.338~354 (2013)
- Jeng, Y. L., "The add-on impact of mobile applications in learning strategies : A review study", Educational Technology & Society, 13(3), pp.3~11 (2010)
- Keengwe, J., "Mobile learning and integration of mobile technologies in education", Education and Information Technologies, 19(4), pp.737~746 (2014)
- Kinshuk, S. J., "Mobile technologies in support of distance learning", Asian journal of distance education, 1(1), pp.60~68 (2003)
- Kirschner, P. A., "Do we need teachers as designers of technology enhanced learning?", Instructional Science, 43(2), pp.309~322 (2015)
- Koehler, M. J., "What happens when teachers design educational technology? : The development of technological pedagogical content knowledge", Journal of educational computing research, 32(2), pp.131~152 (2005)
- Kukulska-Hulme, A., "An overview of mobile assisted language learning : From content delivery to supported collaboration and interaction", ReCALL, 20(3), pp.271~289 (2008)
- Lai, H. C., "The implementation of mobile learning in outdoor education : Application of QR codes", British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(2), pp.57~62 (2013)
- Liaw, S. S., "Investigating acceptance toward mobile learning to assist individual knowledge management : Based on activity theory approach", Computers & Education, 54(2), pp.446~454 (2010)
- Liu, T. C., "Split-attention and redundancy effects on mobile learning in physical environments", Computers & Education, 58(1), pp.172~180 (2012)
- Liu, T. C., "Wireless and mobile technologies to enhance teaching and learning", Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19(3), pp.371~382 (2003)
- Lucia, A. D., "The art and science of competency model" (1999), Jossey-Bass Preiffer
- Mac-Callum, K., "Factors impacting teachers' adoption of mobile learning", Journal of Information Technology Education : Research, 13, pp.141~162 (2014)
- McCarty, S., "Aoyama Gakuin University Case Study: Blended Learning and Flipped Classrooms Utilizing Mobile Devices", Proceedings of Implementing Mobile Language Learning Technologies in Japan, pp.71~92 (2017), Springer
- McConatha, D., "Mobile pedagogy and perspectives on teaching and learning" (2014), Information Science Reference
- Mink, O. G., "Developing andmanaging open organizations : A model and method for maximizing organizational potential" (1991), Somerset Consulting Group, Inc
- Ozdamli, F., "Mobile learning perception and competence of teachers and learners according to the geographical areas in North Cyprus", International Journal of Learning and Teaching, 3(2), pp.35~46 (2011)
- Ozdamli, F., "Basic elements and characteristics of mobile learning", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, pp.937~942 (2011)
- Page, T., "Application-based mobile devices in design education", International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 8(2), pp.96~111 (2014)
- Peng, H., "Ubiquitous knowledge construction : Mobile learning redefined and a conceptual framework", Innovations in Education and Teaching international, 46(2), pp.171~183 (2009)
- Rothwell, W. J., "Competency identification, modeling and assessment in the USA", International Journal of Training and development, 3(2), pp.90~105 (1999)
- Sharples, M., "The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences", pp.501~521 (2014), Cambriudge University Press
- Shih, J. L., "An inquiry-based mobile learning approach to enhancing social science learning effectiveness", Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 13(4), pp.50~62 (2010)
- Spencer, L. M., "Competence at work" (1993), Wiley
- Suárez, Á., "A review of the types of mobile activities in mobile inquiry-based learning", Computers & Education, 118, pp.38~55 (2018)
- Sung, Y. T., "The effects of integrating mobile devices with teaching and learning on students' learning performance : A meta-analysis and research synthesis", Computers &Education, 94, pp.252~275 (2016)
- Staarman, J. K., "The joint negotiation of ground rules : Establishing a shared collaborative practice with new educational technology", Language and Education, 23(1), pp.79~95 (2009)
- Tseng, F. C., "A study of social participation and knowledge sharing in the teachers'online professional community of practice", Computers & Education, 72, pp.37~47 (2014)
- Uzunboylu, H., "Teacher perception for m-learning : Scale development and teachers'perceptions", Journal of Computer assisted learning, 27(6), pp.544~556 (2011)
- Wong, L. H., "What seams do we remove in mobile-assisted seamless learning? : A critical review of the literature", Computers & Education, 57(4), pp.2364~2381 (2011)
- Wong, L. H., "Seamless learning in the age of mobile connectivity" (2014), Springer
- Yusri, I. K., "Mobile learning for ICT training: Enhancing ICT skill of teachers in Indonesia", International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, 3(4), pp.293~296 (2013)
