휴머노이드 로봇 활용 통합 교육을 위한 초등교사 역량 모델 개발 및 교육 요구도 분석
Development of Primary School Teacher Competency Model and Analysis of Educational Needs for Integrating Humanoid Robot into Education
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본 연구는 휴머노이드 로봇을 수업의 상황에서 통합하여 활용할 때, 초등교사들이 지녀야 하는 역량에 대한 모델을개발하는 목적을 지닌다. 또한, 도출된 세부 역량들 중에 가장 우선적으로 어떠한 부분을 고려하여 교육적 처방이필요한지를 확인하기 위해 교육 요구도 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구 고찰을 통해 세부 역량을 도출한후, 이를 TPACK 모델의 영역별로 구분하여 범주화한 초기 역량 모델을 구성하였다. 이 후, 교수설계 전문가와 초등교사로구성된 전문가 패널을 활용한 두 차례의 델파이 조사를 거쳐 최종 역량 모델을 개발하였다. 교육 요구도를 확인하고자대응표본 t 검증, Borich 요구도, The Locus for Focus 모델을 적용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 테크놀로지, 교수학적, 내용적 요소를 고려한 총 29개의 세부 역량으로 구성된 역량 모델을 개발하였다. TPACK의 영역별로 살펴보면 TK 5개, PK 5개, CK 4개, TCK 3개, PCK 3개, TPK 9개로 구성된다. 교육 요구도 분석 결과, 중요도와 수행도의 차이에있어서는 모든 세부 역량에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. Borich의 요구도 분석에서 상위에 위치하면서The Locus for Focus 모델 분석에서 제 1사분면에 위치한 세부 역량으로는 ‘로봇 기술에 대한 학습자 리터러시 분석’, ‘휴머노이드 로봇 제공 정보에 대한 피드백 제시’, ‘학습 유형에 맞는 휴머노이드 로봇 콘텐츠 검토 및 선정’, ‘학습지원을위한 통합적 스캐폴딩 제공’, ‘문제해결 활동 설계’로 나타나 가장 우선적으로 고려할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to develop a competency model for primary school teachers to effectively integrate humanoid robots into their education. It also conducts an educational needs analysis to identify the competencies that should be prioritized. After deriving the sub-competencies through a literature review, an initial competency model was organized by categorizing them according to the main domains of the TPACK framework. The competency model was revised and developed through two rounds of Delphi surveys with expert panels comprising instructional designers and primary school teachers. Paired sample t-tests, Borich's needs analysis, and the Locus for Focus model were used to identify educational needs. This study resulted in the development of a competency model comprising 29 specific competencies. Within the TPACK framework, the model includes five competencies for TK, five for PK, four for CK, three for TCK, three for PCK, and nine for TPK. The educational needs analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the perceived importance and performance of all specific competencies among elementary school teachers. The priority competencies, located at the upper level in Borich's needs analysis and in the first quadrant in The Locus for Focus model analysis, include “analyzing learner literacy regarding robot technology,” “providing feedback on information offered by humanoid robots,” “reviewing and selecting humanoid robot content suitable for learning types,” “providing integrated scaffolding for learning support,” and “designing problem-solving activities.”
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