수사기관 정보수집활동의 요건과 한계
Study on Legitimacy and Limit of Intelligence Activities
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수사기관은 개별적ㆍ구체적 범죄혐의에 근거한 일반적 수사 활동 이외에 수사단서수집, 위험예방 등을 위하여 다양한 정보수집활동을 한다. 이러한 활동은 행정경찰작용에 그치는 경우도 있고, 범인검거, 증거수집과 직접 연결되는 사법경찰작용(수사)으로 이어지는 경우도 많아 그 법적 성격을 일괄적으로 파악하기 어렵다. 또한 물리적 강제력 행사 여부, 법익 또는 기본권 침해의 태양 및 정도에 있어서도 다양한 모습을 보이고 있어 그 적법요건 및 한계를 설정하는 문제도 쉽지 아니하다. 본고에서는 우리 대법원ㆍ헌법재판소와 미국 연방대법원의 해석론을 비교하는 방법으로 단편적으로 논의되었던 각종 정보수집활동을 적법요건 및 한계를 분석하였다.
Abstract
In addition to usual investigation activities based on individualized suspicion, prosecution and investigation agencies take part in various intelligence activities to prevent public danger, to gather clue to investigation, to take evidential materials, and so on. Because these activities have various purpose and forms, it is very hard to apprehend legal character of intelligence activities in a coherent fashion. Moreover, it is not an easy task to establish factors and schemes that is necessary when we want to determine the legitimacy of those activities. In this article, after comparing precedents by Korea and U.S. Court regarding the reasonableness of searches and seizures, I examine relevant factors and schemes that have a significant importance in determining the legitimacy of intelligence activities.
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