인공언어와 독일어의 묵시적 학습 연구
Gebrauchsbasierte Inputverteilung für den Fremdspracherwerb
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본 논문은 사용기반 언어학의 관점에서 입력자극의 사용빈도가 실제 묵시적 L2 학습에어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 다루었다. 사용기반 접근법은 기억의 특성을 고려한 보편적 인지원리를 언어사용에 투영하여 사용빈도에 따른 지식의 가변적 표상 가능성을 전제한다. 이에 따르면 언어습득은 기존의 언어학에서 전통적으로 가정되던 규칙들을 그대로 언어사용에 적용하여 명시적으로 학습해야 하는 것이 아니라, 구체적인 맥락에서 경험한 표현들을 사용빈도에 따라 기억 속에 군집 및 기능화하는 과정과 관련되는 것이다. 이러한 관점에서는 L2의 교수학습 방안도 무엇보다 입력자극을 인지적 측면에서 최적화하여 학습자들에게 제공하는 데 그 주안점이 있다. 본 논문은 경험적 차원에서 사용기반의 원리에 따라제안된 입력강화 방식을 인공언어와 L2 독일어 현재완료에 적용하여 성인 피험자들을 대상으로 학습수행 양상을 분석하였다. 실험결과, 피험자들은 묵시적 방식으로 토큰을 생성하는규칙을 학습하고 새로운 토큰에 그것을 재활용할 수 있었다. 이는 사용기반 이론들이 주장하는 바와 같이 토큰의 사용강도와 배치의 전략적 통제가 묵시적 학습의 효율성을 높여준것으로 해석할 수 있다.
Abstract
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit den gebrauchsbasierten Ansätzen desFremdspracherwerbs. Aus deren Sicht ist fremdsprachliches Wissen inbedeutungsvoller kommunikativer Interaktion erlernbar, und die Inputverarbeitungist dementsprechend der Schlüssel zum Spracherwerb. Für Lerner ist letztlich nichtder objektiv in der Welt vorhandene Input entscheidend, sondern derjenige, derhinsichtlich ihrer kognitiven Perzeptionsmuster optimal ist (Madlener & Behrens2015). Gebrauchsbasierte Ansätze gehen insbesondere davon aus, dassSpracherwerb durch wiederholte inputbasierte Erfahrungen gefördert wird, d. h. dieStärkung der Gedächtnisspuren für Form-Funktion-Verbindungen ist wichtig. Im Vordergrund der aktuellen Studie steht daraufhin die Frage, wie dieFrequenzoptimierung des Inputs zum Erwerb einer künstlichen Sprache und der L2beiträgt. Hierzu wurden zwei Experimente durchgeführt, in denen es in erster Linieum ‘skewed’ und ‘balanced’ Inputverteilungen geht. Die Ergebnisse zeigensignifikante Lerneffekte bei skewed Inputfluten. Diese helfen Lernern nicht nur,mit neuen Regeltypen vertraut zu werden, sie befähigen sie auch zur produktivenRegelanwendung.
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