한국 개화기 품사 설정 발전과 영향

Abstract

The establishment of Korean parts of speech is mainly based on foreign research results. On the one hand, it refers to the study of Korean by Western European scholars of the Indo–European language family since 1832. On the other hand, it refers to the study results of the Japanese, who began to study foreign language grammar in 1812 and systematized the grammar of their own language in 1867. South Korea implemented a closed–door policy in the early days, so the results of Korean language research outside the Korean peninsula have limited influence on Korean scholars‘ research on Korean language. However, after the invasion of foreign powers in 1897, the awareness that the Korean language must be saved began to emerge. Korean studies in Korea started decades later than Korean studies abroad. Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and conjunctions in Western countries are set as basic parts of speech; however, Korean “particles” still cannot be accurately classified. By borrowing Japanese part–of–speech names in Han characters, and referring to the names and functions of “particles and auxiliary verbs” in Japanese articles, scholars tried to clearly distinguish between “particles” and “endings” in Korean. Before 1930, before the Korean statute “Hangul Orthography” was promulgated, in addition to the fixed parts of speech, the development of “auxiliary word” was roughly in the form of “postpositions – 토 – 후사 – auxiliary words – endings – cases – copula endings”, and the development of case particles is the most stable. “Auxiliary postpositional particle, endings, auxiliary predicate element”, etc., are still included in the parts of speech of “auxiliary verbs”, and the distinction between “the mood” and “the antithesis” has gradually emerged.