누가 자유주의를 두려워하랴? - 공화주의, 공동체주의, 공화주의 -
Who’s Afraid of Liberalism?
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The purpose of this paper is to interpret republicanism as a powerful alternative of liberalism. Liberalism defines liberty just as non-interference, which means any one is free insofar as she is not actually impeded by someone else to take her choice. It presuppose that one's individual right to choose her action is prior to common good of community. In this point of view, liberals dare to conclude that liberty is enjoyed regardless of the constitutional character of states. However, this kind of individualism is to be the Achilles Heel of liberalism. As new liberalism criticized, liberty as non-interference is only a privilege of the established persons who are capable of doing their own choices. Community can interfere individuals with legitimacy of pursuing general welfare of community. In this point, republicanism provides us with a new conception of liberty as non-domination which means the absence of arbitrary power. According to republicanism, liberal view of liberty implies that even a slave is free as long as his benevolent master has no plan to interfere him. Republicans assert that slave is never free just because his liberty is dependent on his master's mercy and thereby he has to always keep an eye to his action not to provoke and to satisfy his master. Republicans insist that liberty is fulfilled only when there is no possibility of arbitrary domination which prevents us from possessing the status of free men. Therefore republicans conclude that we are free only in a free state which guarantees us to be free citizens as equal members of community. There follows a categorical demand that we always have to be vigilant not to be ruled by superiors and to exercise our civic duties for common good. Thus republicanism deserves to be an effective therapy of the pathological problem of social polarization of late incurred by liberal hegemony.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to interpret republicanism as a powerful alternative of liberalism. Liberalism defines liberty just as non-interference, which means any one is free insofar as she is not actually impeded by someone else to take her choice. It presuppose that one's individual right to choose her action is prior to common good of community. In this point of view, liberals dare to conclude that liberty is enjoyed regardless of the constitutional character of states. However, this kind of individualism is to be the Achilles Heel of liberalism. As new liberalism criticized, liberty as non-interference is only a privilege of the established persons who are capable of doing their own choices. Community can interfere individuals with legitimacy of pursuing general welfare of community. In this point, republicanism provides us with a new conception of liberty as non-domination which means the absence of arbitrary power. According to republicanism, liberal view of liberty implies that even a slave is free as long as his benevolent master has no plan to interfere him. Republicans assert that slave is never free just because his liberty is dependent on his master's mercy and thereby he has to always keep an eye to his action not to provoke and to satisfy his master. Republicans insist that liberty is fulfilled only when there is no possibility of arbitrary domination which prevents us from possessing the status of free men. Therefore republicans conclude that we are free only in a free state which guarantees us to be free citizens as equal members of community. There follows a categorical demand that we always have to be vigilant not to be ruled by superiors and to exercise our civic duties for common good. Thus republicanism deserves to be an effective therapy of the pathological problem of social polarization of late incurred by liberal hegemony.
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