마이클 샌델의 공화주의
Michael Sandel's Republicanism
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The purpose of this paper is to review Michael Sandel’s republicanism in the context of the discourse struggle between republicanism and liberalism. Although studies of republicanism appeared among intellectual historians as a challenge to liberal hegemony in historical interpretation of early modern political discourses, it soon influenced political philosophers antagonistic to liberalism, who accepted republican interpretation as historical justification of their theses. Michael Sandel is one of them who regards individualistic liberalism based on ‘unencumbered self’ as the supreme enemy of active self-ruling citizenship which republicans pursued as self-realization. He insists that liberalism incurs procedural state in which people are promised to be protected fairly only by observing procedure without civic consciousness and vigilance. According to his denunciation, liberalism also brings about neutral state in which people have only to choose as they please regardless of morality without common deliberation of moral and social issues. He criticized that liberal proceduralism and neutralism paralyze active citizenship by making people passive and unreflective agencies. He concludes that thus in liberal hegemony people come to be so impotent that they are unable to fight against social problems such as polarization through civic solidarity and participation. However, he believes that the pathological liberal situation is to be overcome by formative project which revives historical tradition of civic virtue and rebuilds republican politics aiming at self-rule.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review Michael Sandel’s republicanism in the context of the discourse struggle between republicanism and liberalism. Although studies of republicanism appeared among intellectual historians as a challenge to liberal hegemony in historical interpretation of early modern political discourses, it soon influenced political philosophers antagonistic to liberalism, who accepted republican interpretation as historical justification of their theses. Michael Sandel is one of them who regards individualistic liberalism based on ‘unencumbered self’ as the supreme enemy of active self-ruling citizenship which republicans pursued as self-realization. He insists that liberalism incurs procedural state in which people are promised to be protected fairly only by observing procedure without civic consciousness and vigilance. According to his denunciation, liberalism also brings about neutral state in which people have only to choose as they please regardless of morality without common deliberation of moral and social issues. He criticized that liberal proceduralism and neutralism paralyze active citizenship by making people passive and unreflective agencies. He concludes that thus in liberal hegemony people come to be so impotent that they are unable to fight against social problems such as polarization through civic solidarity and participation. However, he believes that the pathological liberal situation is to be overcome by formative project which revives historical tradition of civic virtue and rebuilds republican politics aiming at self-rule.
참고문헌 (17)
- 곽차섭, "마키아벨리언 모멘트: 피렌체 정치사상과 대서양의 공화주의 전통 (전 2권)", pp.553~583 (2011), 나남
- 조승래, "공화국을 위하여", pp.2~ (2010), 길
- Richard H. Fallon, Jr, "What Is Republicanism and Is It Worth Reviving?", Harvard Law Review, 52, pp.1698~1699 (1989)
- Philip Pettit, "Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government", pp.6~274 (1997), Oxford University Press
- Isaiah Berlin, "Two Concepts of Liberty, In Four Essays on Liberty", pp.118~172, Oxford University Press
- Melvin L. Rogers, "Republican Confusion and Liberal Clarification", Philosophy and Social Criticism, 34(7), pp.800~ (2008)
- Shelly Burtt, "The Politics of Virtue Today: A Critique and a Proposal", American Political Science Review, 87, pp.360~ (1993)
- John Rawls, "Political Liberalism", pp.205~206 (1996)
- Michael Sandel, "Morality and the Liberal Idea", The New Republic, 17~ (1984)
- Michael Sandel, "The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self", Political Theory, 12, pp.81~96 (1984)
- Michael Sandel, "Justice, What’s the Right thing to Do?", pp.10~ (2010), Penguin Books
- Michael Sandel, "Democracy’s Discontent, America in Search of Public Philosophy", pp.4~351 (1996), The Belknap
- Michael Sandel, "Liberalism and the Limits of Justice", pp.14~198, Cambridge University Press
- Michael Sandel, "Public Philosophy", pp.79~ (2006), Harvard University Press
- Philip Pettit, "Reworking Sandel’s Republicanism, In Debating Democracy’s Discontent, Essays on American Politics, Law, and Public Philosophy", pp.26~55 (1998), Oxford University Press
- Michael Sandel, "Reply to Critics, In Debating Democracy’s Discontent, Essays on American Politics, Law, and Public Philosophy", pp.325~327 (1998), Oxford University Press
- Hannah Arendt, "Human Condition", pp.191~243 (1958), Chicago University Press