영국 캐머런 연립정부의 ‘큰 사회(Big Society)’ 정책과 사회 서비스의 변화: 노인 돌봄을 중심으로
A study on the impact of the ‘Big Society’ policy on community care for the elderly in the UK under the Coalition government
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본 논문은 영국 보수당이 이끄는 캐머런 연립정부의 ‘큰 사회(Big Society)’ 아젠다의주요 특징과 정책 효과를 노인에 대한 소셜 케어(social care)의 변화를 중심으로 분석하였다. 개인과 커뮤니티의 역량 강화와 공공서비스 개혁을 목표로 한 캐머런 정부의‘큰 사회’ 정책은 2010년 이후 강도 높은 긴축 재정으로 말미암아 성인 소셜 케어 영역에서 지방정부 지원의 서비스 감축과 서비스 질의 하락으로 나타났다. 커뮤니티 기반의서비스는 축소되었고, 돌봄 서비스의 간소화와 현금화, 개인화가 심화되었다. ‘단기집중서비스’나 ‘15분 홈 케어 방문’ 등 서비스의 간소화로 돌봄의 질적 하락이 우려되고 있다. 돌봄 서비스의 시장화와 민영화는 더욱 진행되어 구매력이 없는 노인과 가족들이‘큰 사회’ 정책으로부터 가장 큰 타격을 받고 있다. 이는 소셜 케어의 지출과 책임을 국가로부터 민간영역으로 전가한 대처 시대의 ‘커뮤니티에 의한 케어’ 정책으로 되돌아간것으로 볼 수 있다. 이런 점에서 보수당의 ‘큰 사회’ 주장은 대처의 ‘사회 거부’와 정반대 주장으로 보임에도 불구하고 정책적 처방과 이념적 접근에서는 매우 유사하다고 할 수있다.
Abstract
This article examines the impact of the ‘Big Society’ agenda announced by David Cameron at the 2010 general election on community care for the elderly under the Coalition government. The agenda was mentioned as a big idea to give citizens, communities and local governments more power and responsibility to resolve their problems and to fix the ‘broken society’. With the effect of the agenda, local authorities in England have cut down spending on adult social care. The type and ways of delivery of care services have been changing as more focused on cash benefit and short time services. Therefore the traditional community care services have been gradually replaced by the self-directed support and direct payments. And ‘reablement’ services and ‘15-minute visits’ have significantly increased since 2010, which caused concerns on the quality of care. The elderly and their families have been impacted badly by the marketization and privatization of care services. The ‘Big Society’ policies could be considered as having similar consequences of the Thatcherite ‘community care’ policy that transferred the responsibility for social care from the state(government) to the whole society(local communities).
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