북한사회와 자본주의 세계의 공존 : 이론과 가능성

Abstract

Among the existing national socialist system, the Chinese, Cuban, and Vietnamese communities that coexist with the capitalist world have many elements in common both inside and outside. In the domestic market, the marketization has progressed, and according to the progress of marketization, the privatization of the means of production and the autonomy of economic decision making have been taking place. On the external side, the authorities of the state socialist system first actively open the economy, and the capitalist regimes that have relations with the national socialist system cooperate for mutual economic development without artificially attempting to convert the national socialist system into the capitalist system have. In the North Korean society, since the beginning of the 1980s, marketization has been promoted, and these coexistence factors have begun to be equipped. The economic crisis in the 1990s promoted marketization from the bottom up. After the comprehensive market institutionalization in 2003, the progress of marketization became irreversible phenomenon. As a result of this marketization, North Korean society has become "de facto privatization" and the autonomous decision making of economic entities such as merchants, state enterprises and cooperative farms is increasing. In 1991, the Free Economic and Trade Zone was established and the economic opening was continued. In the Kaesong Industrial Zone, the North Korean authorities and residents accumulated experience of coexistence with capitalist corporations for more than 10 years since 2004. Since 2013, the North Korean authorities have established a new open area called "Economic Development Zone" in addition to the existing special economic zones, maintaining the economic opening trend. Nonetheless, North Korean society has yet to begin coexistence with the capitalist world. It is because it did not secure system security. North Korea has been committed to the development of nuclear weapons as a means to liquidate hostile relations with US authorities and to ensure system security from US authorities. North Korea finally declared the completion of its nuclear arsenal in November 2017, and in 2018 it began negotiations with the US authorities to change security and nuclear weapons. If the North and US authorities succeed in the trade of exchanging nuclear weapons and security in the future, North Korean society can start to coexist with the capitalist world. Particularly, if North Korean society contacts and cooperates with the US, Japan, and South Korean society in earnest, the coexistence factors in North Korean society such as marketization, privatization, and autonomy will gradually become more stable.