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유럽연합 내 민주적 결핍 완화 방안으로서의 의회 간 협력

The inter-parliamentary cooperation as a solution to mitigate the democratic deficit within the European Union

심소연
유럽헌법학회|2022.04|유럽헌법연구|제38호|pp. 169-214|DOI https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.38.169

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키워드

유럽연합European Union유럽의회European ParliamentDemocratic deficit의회 간 협력민주적 결핍회원국 의회의회 통제Inter-parliamentary cooperationNational parliamentsParliamentary control

초록

1979년 유럽의회(European Parliament)가 직접보통 선거를 도입한 결과로 발생한, 유럽의회와 회원국 의회 간의 단절이 유럽의회와 회원국 의회 간 협력의 필요성을 낳아, 그 협력이 꾸준히 증가해왔다. 유럽의회가 유럽연합이사회(Council of the European Union)와 동등한 정책결정기구로서 참여하는 공동체 방식(Community method)이 아닌, 회원국 간 지속적인 정치적 타협과 이해조정을 요구하는 정부 간 협의 방식(Intergovernmental method)에 의해 채택된 유럽 정책이 증가함으로써, 유럽연합의 활동들에 관한 의회 통제의 사각지대가 확장되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 본 연구는 유럽의회와 회원국 의회 사이에 존재하는 상호보완성(complementarity) 덕분에, 의회 간 협력이 유럽연합의 활동들에 대한 민주적 정당성을 강화하는 장치가 될 수 있음을 보여 준다. 본 연구는 유럽연합 내 다양한 의회 간 협력회의들을 EU회원국 의회 내 EU담당위원회 간 회의인 COSAC (Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs of Parliaments of the European Union) 그리고 EU회원국 의회의장 간 회의인 EUSC(Conference of Speakers of the EU Parliaments)와 같은 모든 종류의 유럽연합 이슈들을 전방위적으로 다루는 의회 간 협력회의들과, 특정 분야에 집중된 분야별 의회 간 협력회의들(유럽연합 공동외교안보/공동안보방위 정책을 위한 의회 간 협력회의인 IPC for CFSP/CSDP, 유럽연합 내 안정, 경제적 조정 및 거버넌스에 관한 의회 간 협력 회의인 IPC on SECG 그리고 유로폴에 관한 공동의회조사 그룹인 JPSG on Europol)로 나누어서 검토하고, 강점(Strengths), 약점(Weaknesses), 기회(Opportunities) 및 위기(Threats)를 검토하는 SWOT 분석을 통해, 유럽연합 내 의회 간 협력을 종합적으로 검토함으로써, 유럽연합 내 의회 간 협력의 한계와 가능성에 대한 이해를 제고한다. 또한 본 연구는 유럽연합 내 의회 간 협력에 관한 연구를 통하여, 한·중·일 동아시아 3국 의회 간 협력의 발전가능성 및 한국에 주는 함의를 도출한다.

Abstract

Resulting to a large extent from the gap between the European Parliament and the national parliaments as a result of the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage introduced in 1979, the necessity of the inter-parliamentary cooperation (IPC) has progressively increased. In the context where the blind angle of the parliamentary control on the EU expands, resulting from the development of the European politics taken by the intergovernmental method instead of by the community method, this study shows that the IPC can be a device which could lead to strengthen the democratic legitimacy of the EU’s acts thanks to the complementarity between the European Parliament and the national parliaments. This article examines the IPC by dividing it into two types of IPC: on the one hand, IPCs dealing with subjects related to general EU affairs (*COSAC and *EUSC); on the other hand, IPCs dealing with subjects which are focused on a certain sector (*IPC for CFSP/CSDP, *IPC on SECG and *JPSG on Europol). In assessing the IPC through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis, this study leads us to understand the limits and the potential benefits of the IPC. In addition, through a study on the IPC within the EU, this article seeks to extend possibilities for the development of the IPC in three East Asia countries (South Korea, China and Japan) and makes us to learn a lesson for South Korea. * COSAC: Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs of Parliaments of the European Union * EUSC: Conference of Speakers of the EU Parliaments * IPC for CFSP/CSDP: Inter-Parliamentary Conference for the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Common Security and Defense Policy * IPC on SECG: Inter-Parliamentary Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance in the EU * JPSG on Europol: Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny Group on Europol

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