南冥詩에 구현된 그의 정신세계

Abstract

Nammyeong Chosik(1501∼1572) thought that cultivating himself morally and influencing on people by virtuous examples were more important than getting great achievement in the world. He always worried about his country and never forgot his love for people. He had already given up becoming a government official at an early age. He taught talented people and dreamed of the politics by virtuous rulers, carrying out practical Confucianism. Unlike other self-righteous hermits who ignored people's livelihood and national affairs, Nammyeong criticized government affairs actively and appealed people's pains to the government. Nammyeong's thought concentrated on self-discipline theory. He made an effort on cultivating moral virtues by developing his mind rather than developing theories about human nature and natural laws. He put an emphasize on reverence(敬) and justice in his later year. He asserted that reverence was to brighten inner mind and justice to determine outer work. His main idea was Sinmyeongsado(神明舍圖). According to it, his personal goal was to accomplish heaven's virtue through introspection and his social goal to carry out the politics by virtuous ruler. He made an effort on self-discipline and self-examination as Songgye referred he had 'a spirit like a cold moonlight of snowy night.'Even though he lived in the forest, he never forgot his spirit of scholar and wanted to live like Anja who had cultivated his mind and introspected himself for his whole life. He didn't put emphasis on writing, so he left less than 200 poems. Through them, his inner world could be examined. His thoughts on reality were revealed in Youngsasi(詠史詩). Even though Woeum(偶吟) was not Youngsasi, through which he criticized people's contradictory attitude toward the world and Yoogam(有感) depicted realistically the reality of people in the middle of the Choseon Dynasty.In Gigeonsook(寄健叔), he felt sorry that talented people were not assigned to proper positions. In Poseokjeong(鮑石亭) he advised king and politicians not to live in luxury, in the light of King Gyeongae's misgovernment in the Silla Dynasty. Even though he didn't enter government service, he dreamed of being a politician admired like Yangho of the Qin Dynasty. In Dokhangwoojeon(讀項羽傳), he felt sorry that Hsiang Yu had not accomplished his goal unluckily even though he had been gifted with heroic qualification and wisdom. He also desired to live like Baggi and Sookje, who were a symbol of the incorruptible scholars. In Hobaekgusi(狐白裘詩), while he criticized that Maengsanggoon pursued wrong values, he asserted that good was most valuable. Through Youngmulsi(詠物詩) he showed his spiritual world to try to keep the spirits of scholars. He might have visited Dansoksa (a temple) several times because he recited a poem of which material was Jeongdangmae(an apricoat) inhabiting in the temple and he satirized the life of Ganhoebaek who had served as Jeongdangmoomhak(a government post) in the late Koryeo. In Seolmae(雪梅),examining apricots blooming in snow, he revealed his inner world to desire to live honorably even in poverty. He showed he tried to live as a man of virtue in reality as he planted bamboos at Sanhaejeong. According to him, despite of his lonely and hard life, he was adapting himself to the laws of nature for the rest of his life as the trees withstood a storm. In his works, a chrysanthemum and a lotus stood for upright spirit of virtuous gentleman. Examining the ecology of chrysanthemum, he also determined to live a honorable life overcoming his ordeals and he considered lotus as a being which had the virtue ofvirtuous gentleman because it produced beautiful flowers even in the mud and ‘the farthest the letus is, the more fragrant it is'(香遠益淸). Dohaksi(道學詩) revealed his self-examination. In Untiltle(無題), he sang the self satisfaction of a poetic subject's who was living meditating the fad of natural laws. Nakcheon showed the explicit and decisive will of Nammyoung who had devoted himself to self-discipline andself-examination. In Deoksanbogker(德山卜居), his goal of inner self discipline headed for the heaven and he tried to get the laws of heaven by himself through Cheonwangbong near the heaven. In Jedeoksangyejeongju(題德山溪亭柱), he showed his will to try to keep calm even under thunder and lightening like that of Cheonwangbong of Dooryoosan.