심리치료의 역사적 전개과정에 나타난 철학적 인간이해의 중요성

Abstract

This paper, in a broader sense, harks back to the history of psychotherapy. It traces how the acceptance of philosophical human understanding in medicine and psychiatry gave birth to an integrated psychological treatment of human beings and to Daseinsanalysis , and how that opportunity led to humanistic human understanding. Through this historical process, it leads to a discussion of other types of psychotherapy, that is, human-centered therapy and logotherapy , and finally examines whether the process has been passed down to existential psychotherapy today. First, Chapter 2 of this paper begins with a look at why philosophical human understanding was needed in the historical development process of medical and psychological treatment. After exploring why an anthropological turn away from disease-centered, scientific modern medicine occurred and the ramifications of this retreat, it reveals the philosophical human understanding that underpinned the birth of anthropological medicine in European medical history and formed the basis of Daseinsanalysis. Chapter 3 considers the process of psychological therapy that seeks new treatments through philosophical human understanding, while continually taking over the humanistic human understanding that began in medical care and moving away from the existing forms of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. To this end, after revealing the link connecting humanistic human understanding, phenomenology and existential human understanding, which is at the core of Rogers' person-centered therapy, it explores why Frankl considered philosophical human understanding important in psychiatry and invented logotherapy . Chapter 4 examines the process of establishing and systematizing existential psychotherapy as humanistic human understanding gradually centers on existential human understanding in psychotherapy. Focusing on May's problem-consciousness, which introduced European existential philosophy to the United States, this chapter explores why he considered psychotherapy contained the experience of “existence,” and what existential human understanding means in existential psychology he advocated. It also looks at why Yalom saw the need for an existential human understanding by breaking away from the existing trends in psychiatry and psychoanalysis, and developed existential psychotherapy on this basis, and which therapeutic changes he culled from the philosophical wisdom and ideas of great thinkers on a broader scale. In this way, this paper attempts to lay the foundation for the prospective dialogue possibilities among psychotherapy and philosophy, psychotherapy and philosophical counseling in the future by genealogically reviewing the necessity and importance of a philosophical human understanding in the historical development process of psychotherapy.