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진 엘슈테인의 정치한계주의 : 아우구스티누스의 공공신학과의 관계를 중심으로

Jean Bethke Elshtain’s Political Limitism in Relation to Augustine’s Public Theology

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정치한계주의는 정치가 가지는 내재적인 한계를 다양한 방법으로 극복하기 위한 시도를 뜻한다. 20세기 최고의 정치이론가 중에 한 명인 진 엘슈테인(1941-2013)은 아우구스티누스의 정치사상에 근거하여 고유한 정치한계주의를 형성했다. 그녀의 사상은 보통 정치현실주의라고 평가되기도 하지만, 아우구스티누스에 대한 고백주의적 해석을 통하여 기존의 정치현실주의와는 다른 특징을 지닌다. 엘슈테인의 정치한계주의가 아우구스티누스의 공공신학을 전유한 구체적인 주제들은 다음과 같다. 1) 정치와 철학에서 죄성에 대한 인식, 2) 정치비관주의를 극복하는 에클레시아 개념, 3) 공적 영역과 사적 영역의 역동적 관계, 4) 테러에 반대하는 정당전쟁론이 그것이다. 엘슈테인의 정치한계주의는 몇 가지 중요한 특징을 지닌다. 첫째로, 그것은 아우구스티누스의 공공신학이 지닌 양면성을 주목한다. 이러한 태도는 교회가 하나님 나라의 정의와 평화라는 더 큰 대의를 가지고 정치에 참여해야 한다는 것을 가르친다. 둘째로, 그것은 다양성과 통일성을 중요하게 생각한다. 그녀는 사적 영역과 공적 영역 그 어느 쪽도 희생당하지 않도록 주의를 기울인다. 셋째로, 그것은 조화를 추구한다. 남성과 여성의 관계를 논할 때 특히 이런 측면이 두드러진다. 엘슈테인의 정치한계주의는 정치가 지니는 효용과 필요성을 긍정하면서도, 그것이 지니는 한계를 윤리와 기독교 신앙으로 채워나가고자 한다. 그것은 공공신학의 지평을 넓혀 주며, 한국교회와 사회에 좋은 지표가 될 수 있다.

Abstract

Political limitism is an attempt to overcome the inherent mitations of politics in various ways. Jean Bethke Elshtain (1941-2013), one of the most important political theorists of the 20th century, formed her own political limitism based on Augustine’s political thought. Her theory is usually evaluated as political realism, but it has a different characteristic from other political realisms through the confessional interpretation of Augustine. The specific themes that Elshtain’s political limitism appropriates from Augustine’s public theology are: 1) awareness of sinfulness in politics and philosophy, 2) the concept of ekklesia to overcome political pessimism, 3) the dynamic relationship between the public and private realms, and 4) the just war theory against terrorism. Elshtain's political limitism has distinct characteristics, such as acknowledging the ambivalence of Augustine's public theology, which teaches that the church must engage in politics to promote justice and peace for the kingdom of God. Additionally, Elshtain values diversity and unity and avoids sacrificing either the private or the public sphere. She also seeks harmony, particularly regarding the relationship between men and women. Elshtain’s political limitism acknowledges the usefulness and indispensability of politics, but endeavors to address its limitations through Christian faith and ethical considerations. This approach expands the scope of public theology and can be a valuable reference point for Korean churches and society.

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