미국 개신교 선교사의 중국화 번역 전략: 『Education in Japan』에서 『文學興國策』으로의 전변

Abstract

Education in Japan: A Series of Letters is the collection of the thirteen letters introducing modern American education system and ideology. The letters were written by the renowned American people in educational and political arena, and sent to Mori Arinori, who was groping for the concrete methods for the propelling of the modernization of Japanese education system, and were published as the book in New York in 1873. Young John Allen, Chinese name 林樂知) translated this book under the title Wen Xue Xing Guo Ce,(文學興國策), State Development Strategy through Education, and Ren Tingyu(任廷旭) polished before it was published by Society for the Diffusion of Christian and General Knowledge among the Chinese in Shanghai, in 1896. The publication of this book brought huge impact on the reforming of the Chinese education system for modernization. 1896, the year this book was published, was just after when China was defeated by Japan in the China Japan war, and realized the necessity of fundamental reforming of the state. Allen believed that reforming of education system is the most wanted in order to educate the ignorant Chinese people and thoroughly change the traditional Chinese Confucian ideology. He published Wen Xue Xing Guo Ce in order to show the concrete model for education reform. He adopted domestication translation strategy in translating the American education system and ideology. He believed that domestication translation will defuse Chinese intellectual’s resistance against the unfamiliar culture and is efficient to find more number of readers. Propagation of Christianity in China, his ultimate goal as a missionary, was also concealed in this translation. The book obtained a new significance due to Allen’s domestication strategy, and the American writers’ original intention, that is the modernization of Japanese education, was refracted. The domestication translation strategy of this book is confirmed in the change of the contents, addition of new meanings, adaption to Chinese language customs, reflection of Chinese world view, utilizing of various Confucian terminologies.