중국 요서(遼西) 지역에 보이는 백제의 실체

Abstract

This study investigates the substance of Baekje in the Yoseo area of China. As a result of this examination it was found that Bongyu’s (封裕) public appeal, “Moyong hwangjaegi” (慕容皝載記) in the Book of Jin (晋書) in 345, is an entry that is actually related to Baekje. In addition, facts regarding Baekje in various periods in the text “Zizhi Tongjian” (資 治通鑑) in 346 were mixed, and it was judged that Baekje contacted the group of Buyeo immigrants that moved to the Yoseo area. What may be noted with regard to the trend of Baekje’s attitude towards the Yoseo area is that the Buyeo-descent migrants there were active. In particular, Yeoul (餘蔚) was a prince of Buyeo who played a great role in the subversion of Former Yan (前燕) and in the foundation of Later Yan (後燕). It is noted that they named the descent group as Buyeo at least before 370 through Yeoul. An interesting point is the fact 중국 요서(遼西) 지역에 보이는 백제의 실체 | 297 that in 372, as Baekje made a friendly relationship with Eastern Jin, the king named the clan as Buyeo. It seems that Baekje was able to establish a friendly relationship with Eastern Jin because, first, the base was prepared in the middle stopover, that is, the Yoseo area. Baekje’s use of the Buyeo descent group occurred around the reign of King Geunchogo, and an emphasis of the Buyeo descent group around this time seems to be a claim, conscious of Goguryeo. Second, it also sought to emphasize the affinity with the Buyeo immigrants’ group in the Yoseo area. A theory of the attack on Yoseo (遼西經略說) was written for the first time in the Song shu (宋書), and this entry has high value as historical material. Later, in Yangjik gong do (梁職工圖) was written the attack on Yoseo as the Lolang Commandery, which was a misunderstanding, and this shows the exchange between Baekje and the Buyeo immigrant groups. If in Baekje, the dispatch of an envoy holding a Taesu position (太守職) with a Chinese nomination named their hometown, then this is material through which the correlation with the Yoseo area can also be seen. Lastly, as a result of an analysis of the historical records regarding the attack on Yoseo, a theory of the attack on Yoseo was reproduced in later generations. The data shows that Baekje’s exchange with the Buyeo immigrant groups moved to the Yoseo area in the mid-fourth century. It seems that it was necessary for Baekje to engage in exchange with China after the defeat of the Western Jin. Moreover, after the retreat of the Lolang Commandery and the Daifang Commandery, the confrontation between Baekje and Goguryeo in the surrounding areas developed also in the Yoseo area with the Liaoho River as a 298 | 동북아역사논총 61호boundary. In this way, the confrontation between Baekje and Goguryeo became part of the background of the production of the theory of the attack on Yoseo. Next, in 371, as Baekje won the battle of Pyongyang Castle, it gained an international reputation. Taking this opportunity, negotiation with Eastern Jin was undertaken by Chinese Baekje bureaucrats, and it was possible for the base to be prepared in the Yoseo area. Baekje exaggeratedly passed on this situation in its exchange with the Southern Dynasties separately from the actual entry into Yoseo. Through the above, it is clear that Baekje conducted exchanges with the Yoseo area, and it is very likely that a base would have been established. However, separate from this context, information was exaggerated such that the situation could be recognized as an occupation that was continuously passed on to the Southern Dynasties through envoys, and historians of the Southern Dynasties developed a theory of the attack on Yoseo according to their understanding, recognition, and realistic needs.