道德的压抑后果与艺术的补偿作用 − 先秦儒家美学与弗洛伊德美学之比较 −

Abstract

Confucian and Freud both thinks that civilized moral is normative in the formation of individual personality, then repressing the human nature. Confucian manifests a discontent of civilization in emphasizing the unity between social morality and individual self‐developement, although the revealing of the discontent is casual. In Freud’s works he attacks the civilized moral strangling instinct. As a compensation for the discontent, Confucian and Freud both think of arts (music). From the viewpoint of Confucian, the rite(moral) and the music are fundamentally unified for the moral purpose, therefore, although there is a differentiation between the rite and the music, both are fundamentally unified, so this contrastive unity is static; while there is a striking opposition between the moral and the arts in Freud, the moral infuences the ego through the mode of superego, strangling instinctive desires. The arts supply a compensation for the instinct in a virtual world, reducing the repressure from the reality. As an end the unity between the moral and arts turns true, however the way of this realization of unity is overcoming the conflicts between the moral and the arts, so this unity may be called dynamic unity. Although the moral and the arts realize their own value through complementing each other, the basis of this complementarity is not the same one, in Confucian, the focus is the unity between rite and music, while in Freud, the focus is the the opposition between the moral and the arts.