한국과 중국의 제조업 산업별 기술효율성, 자본과 SO₂의 암묵가격 비교
Comparison of Technical Efficiency, Shadow Prices of Capital and SO₂ in Korean-Chinese Manufacturing Industries
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본 논문은 한국과 중국 제조업을 대상으로 2003년과 2004년의 2년간 산업별 자료를 사용하여 투입물거리함수접근법으로 기술효율성, 규모의 수익률, 자본 및 SO₂의 암묵가격 등을 측정하고 이를 토대로 양국의 산업별 경쟁력을 비교하였다. 한국 제조업의 기술효율성은 평균 0.74로서 최대 35%의 경영 개선에 의한 증가효과와 26%의 생산비용 절감효과가 가능한 것으로 나타났으며 중국의 경우 한국보다 평균적으로 약 9% 더 높았다. 중국 자본의 암묵가격은 한국의 1/2 수준으로 추정되었는데 이는 중국 제조업에서의 자본의 투자여건이 상대적으로 유리함을 의미한다. 규모의 수익률은 평균적으로 한국이 높았다. SO₂ 암묵가격으로 추정한 한계저감비용은 SO₂ 한 단위당 평균 0.17 단위의 생산액 감소가 불가피한 것으로 나타났으나 중국 제조업에서의 SO₂ 암묵가격은 0으로 추정되었다. 이는 가격경쟁력에서 환경규제 비용을 전혀 부담하지 않고 있는 중국 산업이 한국보다 유리한 위치에 있음을 의미한다.
Abstract
In this paper, using a input distance function we compare the competitiveness between Korean and Chinese manufacturing industries in the 2003～2004 period：technical efficiency, return to scale, shadow prices of capital and SO₂. The estimate of technical efficiency in the Korean industries is, on average, 0.74, implying that costs can be reduced by up to 26 percent; Chinese industries show a higher technical efficiency by about 9 percent. The average return to scale in Korean industries is greater. The shadow price of capital in Chinese industries is estimated to be about half of Korean industries. The estimate of shadow price of SO₂ indicates that reducing an additional unit of SO₂, on average, requires a decrease in 0.17 units of output, while the shadow price of SO₂ is estimated to be zero in Chinese industries. These findings suggest that Chinese industries have an advantage over Korean industries in price competitiveness.
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