유럽 주요 3국의 자동차 산업내무역과 고용의 관계
Correlation between Intra-Industry Trade and Employment in the Automobile Industry of European Three Countries
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이 연구는 EU 주요 자동차생산국인 독일, 프랑스 및 이탈리아를 대상으로 자동차산업의산업내무역 및 지역내무역과 고용수준의 관계를 분석하였다. 서유럽 주요 3국에서는 전체고용과 피고용자 고용 모두 역내수입수출비율이 증가하면 고용이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 유럽연합 출범 이래 자동차 산업내무역 및 지역내무역의 확대는 독일, 프랑스 및 이탈리아의 고용수준을 크게 개선해주지 못하고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 성숙시장(matured market)인 서유럽국가는 신흥시장(emerging market)인 동유럽국가에 비해 자동차 산업과노동시장에 더욱 부정적인 결과를 준 것으로 추정된다. 최근 경제위기가 발생하면서 대형차 및 중형차 중심의 생산구조는 소형차 중심의 생산구조로 이행하고 있다. 유럽 경제위기는 무역과 고용 차원에서 독일에 비해 프랑스와 이탈리아에 더욱 부정적인 충격을 주고있으며, 양극화 현상을 심화시키고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This paper carried out the analysis on the effect of intra-industry trade and intra-regional trade of the auto industry on the level of employment, targeting Germany, France and Italy, major automobile producers among EU member nations. While both total employment and employment of employees employment decreased when the ratio of import to export increased in the major three countries in Western Europe like Germany, France and Italy. It can be shown that since the launch of European Union, the expansion of intra-trade and regional-trade of the auto industry does not make a great improvement of the level of employment of Germany, France and Italy. It resulted particularly in a matured market, Western European countries more negative than an emerging market, Eastern European countries. As the recent economic crisis occurs, a large and medium sized-centered production structure has been turned to a small sized-centered production structure. European economic crisis affected France and Italy much more than in Germany in terms of trade and employment. Since the economic crisis, the polarization of economic performance among European Automotive producers has become more serious.
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