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평화구축의 규범 구조에 대한 중국의 접근 방식 분석: 자유주의적 평화구축에 대항한 규범 논쟁을 중심으로

An Analysis on China’s Approach to the Normative Structure of Peacebuilding: Focusing on the Norm Contestation against Liberal Peacebuilding

강수정
중국연구소 (INSTITUTE OF CHINESE STUDIES, Hankuk University of Foreign St)|2023.03|중국연구 (Journal of Sinology and China Studies)|제94권 |pp. 157-188|DOI 10.18077/chss.2023.94..007

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중국China평화구축자유주의적 평화규범 구조규범 논쟁Liberal PeacePeacebuildingNorm StructureNorm Contestation
주제분류중국어와문학

초록

평화구축 분야에서의 중국의 부상은 기존의 자유주의적 평화구축 규범 질서에서 중국의 역할에 대한 활발한 논쟁을 불러일으켰다. 하지만 기존 연구들은 자유주의적 평화구축에 대항한 도전의 본질과 범위를 무시한 채, 도전자 대 지지자라는 이분법적 구조를 중심으로 중국의 역할을 바라봤다. 본 연구는 규범 논쟁의 이론적 논의에 근거하여, 그러한 이분법적 틀을 넘어서 자유주의적 평화구축의 전반적인 규범 구조에 대항한 중국의 복잡하고 다차원적인 역할을 이해하는 데 도움이 될 수 있는 분석 틀을 제시한다. 본 연구는 이러한 분석 틀에 기반하여, 2000년대 이후 자유주의적 평화구축에 대항한 규범 논쟁을 중심으로, 자유주의적 평화구축의 규범 구조에 대한 중국의 접근 방식을 분석하는 데 초점을 맞춘다. 이러한 분석을 위해, 본 연구는 본 연구는 중국의 관련 정책 문서 및 외교부 브리핑, 백서, 공식 성명 및 발언문들에 대한 체계적인 검토와 광범위한 관련 문헌 조사를 통해, 2000년대 이후 평화구축 분야에서 중국의 담론과 행동을 분석한다. 이를 통해, 본 논문은 다음과 같은 분석 결과들을 보여준다. 첫째, 2000년대 이후 중국은 일반적으로 자유주의적 평화구축의 규범적 기초에 대한 ‘타당성 논쟁’을 자제해왔다. 하지만 둘째, 중국은 평화구축의 구성 요소들의 우선순위를 재조정하고 자유주의적 평화를 넘어서는 새로운 요소인 ‘국제체제의 개혁(민주화)’을 평화구축의 의제에 편입시키는 방식으로, 평화구축의 순서와 내용에 대한 ‘내용 논쟁’을 적극적으로 추진해왔다. 또한 셋째, 중국은 외부에서 만들어지거나 부과된 평화 솔루션들에 대한 분명한 반대를 표명하면서, 자유주의적 평화구축의 실행 원칙들에 대항한 적용 논쟁을 공개적으로 제기해왔다.

Abstract

China's rise in the field of peacebuilding has sparked a lively debate about China's role in the existing normative order of liberal peacebuilding. However, the existing studies have largely looked into China's role through the dichotomous framework of challenger versus supporter, ignoring the nature and scope of its challenges against liberal peacebuilding. Based on the theoretical discussion of norm contestation, this study presents an analytical framework that can help to understand China's complex and multidimensional role beyond such a dichotomous framework. Based on the analytical framework, this article analyzes China's approach to the normative structure of liberal peacebuilding, focusing on its normative contestations against liberal peacebuilding since the 2000s. For this analysis, this study investigates China's discourses and behaviors in the field of peacebuilding since the 2000s through a systematic review of China's relevant policy documents, foreign ministry briefings, white papers, official speeches and statements, as well as the extensive reviews of relevant literature. Through this analysis, this article shows the following results: First, since the 2000s, China has generally refrained from validity contestation against the normative basis of liberal peacebuilding. Second, however, China has been actively pursuing content contestation against the sequencing and content of peacebuilding by readjusting the priorities of the components of peacebuilding and incorporating a new element beyond liberal peace into the peacebuilding agenda. Third, China has also publicly raised on application contestation against the principles of implementing liberal peacebuilding, expressing clear opposition to peace solutions externally created or imposed.

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