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신흥 강대국의 규범적 저항 전술들: 보호책임의 규범적 변화에 대한 중국의 접근 방식 분석

An Emerging Power’s Normative Resistance Tactics: An Analysis on China’s Approach to the Normative Change of the Responsibility to Protect

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

신흥 강대국은 국제질서에서 규범 변화에 영향을 미치기 위해 어떠한 방식으로 규범적저항을 시도할까? 본 연구는 신흥 강대국을 생산적 규범 변화의 주체로 보고, 부상하는중국의 보호책임에 대한 규범적 저항 전술들에 관한 심층 사례 분석을 통해 신흥 강대국으로서 중국이 보호책임의 규범적 변화에 어떠한 방식으로 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자한다. 이러한 분석을 위해, 본 논문은 먼저 관련 이론적 논의들을 검토하고 이론적 분석틀을 제시한다. 그다음, 보호책임의 규범적 발전 과정에서 중요한 세 개의 시기(2000-2005년의 규범 도입 및 제도화 과정, 2005년 세계정상회담 이후(2005-2011) 의 규범 이행과정, 보호책임 이행의 벤치마크 사례로 알려진 2011년 리비아 사태와 그 이후의 규범 이행과정)에 중국이 어떠한 규범적 저항 전술들을 활용하여 그 규범의 변화와이행에 영향을 미쳐왔는지를 분석한다. 이러한 분석을 위해, 유엔 안전보장이사회와 유엔총회에서의 보호책임 관련 회의록과 결의안, 중국의 발언문과 연설문에 대한 텍스트 분석을 포함하는 실증적 사례 분석을 진행한다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로, 국제질서의 규범 변화에서 신흥 강대국의 역할과 영향에 관한 논쟁에의 함의를 살펴본다.

Abstract

How do emerging powers attempt normative resistance to influence normative changes in the international order? By viewing emerging powers as agents of productive normative change, this study aims to examine how China as an emerging power influences the normative change of the responsibility to protect through an in-depth case study of its normative resistance tactics to the norm. For this analysis, this article first reviews related theoretical discussions and presents a theoretical framework for analysis. Then, focusing on the three important periods in the process of normative development of the responsibility to protect (the process of introducing and institutionalizing the norm from 2000 to 2005, the process of implementing the norm after the 2005 World Summit (2005-2011), and the process of implementing the norm in the 2011 Libyan crisis and thereafter), it analyzes which normative resistance tactics China has used to influence the process of change and implementation of the norm. For this analysis, an empirical case study is conducted, including text analysis of China's statements and speeches as well as meeting records and resolutions related to the responsibility to protect at the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly. Based on the analysis results, this article discusses the implications for the debate on the role and influence of emerging powers in the normative change of international order.

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