지속가능발전목표 이행의 글로벌 경향성 분석: UN 자발적국별리뷰(VNR)를 중심으로
Analysis on the Trend of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Implementation: Review on UN Voluntary National Reviews (VNR)
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초록
본 연구는 2015년 9월 유엔총회에서 ‘지속가능발전목표(SDGs)’가 선포된 이래, 첫 번째 주기인 2016년부터 2019년까지 4년 동안의 SDGs 이행에 대하여 UN과 관련 기관의 문서를 활용하여 이들을 비교·검토하고 그 경향성을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 SDGs의 역사적 형성과정을 살펴보고 SDGs의 핵심을 거버넌스, 특히 목표설정에 의한 거버넌스로 상정한 후, 거버넌스의 분절화 수준에 관한 이론에 근거하여 SDGs의 성과를 현재 가용 가능하며 신뢰할 수 있는 공식자료인 UN 자발적국별리뷰(VNR), UN 고위급정치포럼(HLPF)의 주제별 검토, 그리고 유엔지속가능발전해법네트워크(UNSDSN)의 지속가능발전보고서를 분석하여 평가할 것을 제시하였다. 이어서 UN 회원국이 자국 내에서 SDGs 이행계획과 목표에 대해 UN 고위급정치포럼(HLPF)에 보고하는 VNR의 제도화 과정을 검토한 후, VNR 분석의 중요성, HLPF가 제안하는 연례주제와 중점 SDGs, UNSDSN의 지속가능발전보고서와 SDGs의 난제(MCR)를 개관하였다. 구체적인 분석으로, 연구는 SDGs의 이행에 대해 UN VNR, HLPF의 주제별 검토, 그리고 UNSDSN의 지속가능발전보고서를 중심으로 이들 사이의 여섯 가지 관계성을 분석하여, 각 국가별 목표와 글로벌 수준 목표의 일치 정도와 부조화, 이행에서의 문제와 탈동조화 현상 등을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 이러한 분석에서 드러난 SDGs 이행의 문제점을 보완하고 이행성 강화를 위한 제도와 정책을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Since Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were declared at the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015, the first four-year cycle from 2016 to 2019 has ended. The purpose of this study is to analyze the tendency of SDGs implementation over this period by comparing and reviewing documents from the United Nations and related agencies. The study first overviews the formation process and history of SDGs and interprets the core of SDGs as “governance through goals”. It then presents the theory regarding the level of governance fragmentation, upon which we approach SDGs and analyze its performance with officially available UN Voluntary National Review (VNR), thematic reviews of UN High-Level Political Forum (HLPF), and Sustainable Development Report of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions (UNSDSN). The study then outlines the institutionalization process of VNR, the significance of VNR analysis, thematic focus and reviews of SDGs suggested by the HLPF, and goals that are categorized as Major Challenges Remain (MCR) in UNSDSN’s Sustainable Development Report. Based on six relational analysis on SDGs implementation among UN VNR, HLPF thematic reviews, and UNSDSN's Sustainable Development Report, the study confirms that there exist implementation problems, decoupling effect, and mismatch between national priority goals and focus goals on the global level. Lastly, institutions and policies are suggested to supplement and strengthen such problems of SDGs implementation.
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