성격의 5요인 모형(The Five-Factor Model)의 도덕교육적 함의에 관한 예비적 고찰
A preliminary study on the moral educational significance of The Five-Factor Model of personality
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초록
본 연구는 인간의 성격을 5가지 기본특질로 설명하는 5요인 모형이 도덕교육에 어떤 함의를 지니고 있는가를 검토하는데 목적이 있다. 교육과정을 포함한 학교 도덕교육은 도덕성을 인지, 정의, 행동적 요소로 구분하고, 이를 중심으로 다양한 교육활동을 전개하고 있다. 수업활동과 그에 따른 평가도 기본적으로는 이러한 구조의 틀에 머물러 있다. 그러나 이러한 접근은 현실적으로 이성과 행동, 앎과 실천의 관계를 설득력 있게 설명해주지 못한다. 그러므로 보다 넓은 범위에서 앎과 실천 사이의 관계성을 해석하고 앞으로서의 방향성을 예견할 수 있는 대안적인 심리적 기제가 요구된다. 5요인 모형은 성격을 외향성, 친화성, 성실성, 신경증, 개방성 등 5가지 기본특질로 접근하고자 하는 성격에 관한 순수한 기술 모델이다. 이 접근은 상황 혹은 시간의 변화에도 안정적으로 나타나는 개인의 행동들이 있으며, 그것은 특질에 의해서 결정된다고 가정하고 있다. 이는 인간에 관한 포괄적이고, 경험적이며, 데이터에 입각한 연구 결과로 비롯된 것이다. 도덕적 행동이 표출되는 과정도 도덕적 상황을 해석하고 받아들이는 내적 준거 체계로서의 고유한 성격의 5요인이 어떻게 작동하는가와 매우 밀접한 관련이 있다고 본다. 따라서 학교 도덕교육은 학생들의 도덕성 발달을 이와 같은 전체론적 관점에서 접근할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to examine the moral educational significance of the Big Five Model explaining our personality with 5 basic traits. Nowadays, the moral subject education in schools develops in three components of morality terming cognition, affection, and behavior. But this approach has limits for explaining the gap of reason and behavior or knowing and acting. So it is natural that we request a new psychological mechanism. The Big Five Model is a descriptive one approaching the personality of human with 5 basic traits; extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. This approach is started from the comprehensive, empirical, and dater driving research outcomes. According to this one, our moral acting is dominantly determined by those 5 traits. We need to appreciate the moral development of students in such a holistic view.
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