도덕적 성격 변인과 행동 유형
Variables and Behavior Types of Moral Personality
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본 연구는 개인의 도덕 행동이 도덕적 성격 요인의 통합적 작동 결과임을 밝히고, 도덕적 성격 변인과 도덕 행동의 다원성을 실증적으로 설명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 도덕적 성격은 생물 발생의 도덕 성향(moral disposition), 사회 발생의 도덕 도식(moral schema), 개체 발생의 도덕 정체성(moral identity)을 포함한다. 생물 발생의 도덕 성향은 특정한 방식으로 도덕 상황을 관찰하고 느끼고 해석하고 행동하는 생물학적이고 유전적인 도덕적 성격을 의미한다. 사회 발생의 도덕 도식은 상황과 맥락, 역할에 적응적이고 경험과 학습을 통해 강화되고 자주 활성화되는 도덕적 성격을 의미한다. 개체 발생의 도덕 정체성은 자기 존재와 삶의 의미를 성찰하여 삶에 통일성, 일관성, 목적성을 부여하는 도덕적 성격을 의미한다. 대학생들의 성격과 도덕성을 표준화된 검사 도구를 사용하여 측정하고 그 결과를 상관분석, 요인분석, 군집분석 한 결과, 도덕적 성격의 핵심 변인으로 ‘과업지향의 도덕적 의무감’, ‘관계지향의 ‘도덕적 공정성’, ‘자기지향의 ‘도덕적 진실성’이 도출되었다. 도덕적 성격 변인에 따라 도덕 행동은 3유형으로 나타날 수 있는데, 능동적이고 실천적인 ‘주도유형’, 이상적이고 책임감 있는 ‘모범유형’, 협조적이고 이해심 많은 ‘지지유형’으로 나타났다. 도덕 행동 유형에 따라 개인의 도덕 행동의 방식, 범위, 강도가 다르게 나타날 수 있다.
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to show that moral behaviors of the individual are the results of integrated work of moral disposition of biogenesis, moral schema of sociogenesis and moral identity of ontogenesis and describe pluralism of moral behaviors according to combination of moral personality variables. Moral disposition of biogenesis refers to a biologically and genetically unique moral personality that observes, feels, interprets and acts a moral situation in a certain manner. Moral schema of sociogenesis refers to a unique moral personality that is adapted for a situation, a context and a role and enhanced and frequently activated by experience and learning. Moral identity of ontogenesis refers to moral personality that provides the life with unity, consistency and finality through introspection about the meaning of the existence and the life. People's personality and morality are measured by a standardized test tool. According to the correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis of the findings, it is found that the significant variables that constitute moral personality are 'task oriented moral obligation', 'relation oriented moral fairness' and 'self-oriented moral integrity'. There are three types of moral behaviors by the scope and strength of moral personality variables; 'leader type' that is active and practical, 'model type' that is ideal and responsible and 'support type' that is cooperative and considerable. Different characteristics are found in each method, scope and strength of moral behaviors by the type of moral behaviors.
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