群司次郎正『ハルピン女』論 ―「救済者」に成りきれない遊び客―
Jiromasa Gunji's “Harbin Women”: A Discussion on the Inability of the Traveler to Become a Savior
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초록
『侍ニッポン』などで知られる昭和初期の人気作家群司次郎正が、自身の満洲事 変直前の哈爾濱体験に基づき、白系ロシア人女性を主な対象とした珍しい作品集 『ハルピン女』を書き上げた。当時では「東洋のパリ」と言われる哈爾濱には、ロ シア革命の難を逃れた大量の白系ロシア人が暮らしていた。凋落していくこれらの 難民のなかに、売春業に身を投じた女性は少なくない。一方、日本において満洲観 光がブームになりつつあり、身近な存在となった哈爾濱の金髪美女は自然と観光客 の注目を集めた。本作品集に関する先⾏研究は少なく、主にその時流迎合の性質 や、作中に描かれている白系ロシア人女性のイメージについてのものである。本稿 は日本人主人公と白系ロシア人女性の関係に注目し、当時の旅⾏記や直近の歴史的 研究を踏まえ、テクスト分析を⾏った。結果、当時の哈爾濱のロシア美人を、ただ のエロやエキゾチックな対象としか捉えてこなかった夥しい旅⾏記や旅⾏案内と異 なり、本作品集はロシア人に同情しつつも、厳しい現実に嫌気が差し、ついぞ「救 済者」に成りきれなかった遊び客という視点を提示し、近代文学における日本人と 白系ロシア人との関係の新たな一面を示したことが分かった。
Abstract
Jiromasa Gunji, a popular author from the early Showa period known for works like "Samurai Nippon," wrote a unique collection titled "Harbin Women," based on his experiences in Harbin just before the Mukden Incident. This collection primarily focuses on White Russian female émigrés. At that time, Harbin, often referred to as the "Paris of the East," was home to a large number of White Russians who had escaped the turmoil of the Russian Revolution. Among these declining refugees, many White Russian women became involved in the prostitution industry. On the other hand, tourism to Manchuria was becoming a trend in Japan, and the blonde beauties of Harbin, due to their proximity, naturally drew the attention of Japanese tourists. There is limited prior research on this collection, primarily focusing on its tendency to conform to contemporary trends and the portrayal of White Russian women depicted within the works. This paper focuses on the relationship between the Japanese protagonist and White Russian women, conducting a textual analysis based on contemporary travelogues and recent historical research findings. As a result, it was revealed that, unlike the numerous travelogues and guides that viewed the Russian beauties of Harbin merely as objects of eroticism or exoticism, this collection offers the perspective of the "traveler" who, while sympathizing with the Russian émigrés, becomes disillusioned with the harsh realities and ultimately fails to become their "savior." This sheds light on a new facet of the relationship between Japanese people and White Russians in Japanese modern literature.