「滿洲他者」寓言網絡中的新朝鮮人形象：以舒群〈沒有祖國的孩子〉為中心

Abstract

In the process of constructing cultural identities of people in the north‐eastern part of China during the first half of the 20th century, the presence of non‐Chinese others played a crucial role. The contact between the north‐eastern and non‐Chinese others took place with unprecedentedly high frequency after the founding of the State of Manchuria. The founding as well as the decline of the State of Manchuria, as an abnormal national system situated between the contradictory identities of being a puppet regime in the zone of military occupation and being a colony at the same time, were contemporaneous with the acceleration of capitalism in the north‐eastern part of China, the modernization of the north‐eastern society, and the formation of the experience of modernity among the north‐eastern. Along with the political interaction with non‐Chinese others, the Manchurian literary circle, being the cradle of the north‐eastern modern literature, was also an important stage where the north‐eastern, based on their experience of mutual competition and cooperation with various foreign peoples such as the Japanese, the Russian, and the Korean, observed the collective fate of going through the condition of military occupation and political turbulence. North Manchurian authors’ writings of national allegories were created in an atmosphere of rapid development of Harbin as a colonial city, the small‐scale oriental Paris where north Manchurian authors organized and carried out their primary activities. How did north Manchurian authors, through an examination of Harbin and its surrounding areas, observe the various peoples including the Japanese, the Russian, the Korean, and the Jewish situated in the political context of the State of Manchuria as an atypical pattern of national system and describe non‐Chinese as well as non‐Japanese others? In north Manchurian authors’ writings, how did certain depicted stereotypical images of “secondary others” exterior to the class of the ruling regime serve as the medium of the figurative usage of metonymy for these authors so as to critique the Japanese as “the primary other”? What kind of structure was formed in the literary articulation against Japanese military and political maneuvers when the actual ethnic relations between the north‐eastern and multiple others were presented through the way of image construction? How could the Korean in Manchuria, as a secondary other subordinate to the Japanese manipulation, be endowed with a positive image distinct from their previously shaped stereotype in literary representations of ethnic relations among the different peoples in Manchuria? Moreover, how could the new image of the Korean allegorically reflect north Manchurian authors’ worries and anxieties about the construction of cultural identities of the north‐eastern, now that these authors were burdened with the responsibility to observe the transformation of their ethnic fate? This paper will explore the abovementioned issues by focusing on Shu Chiun’s novel Children without Their Homeland, together with some descriptions pertaining to Manchurian others delineated by Shu Chiun’s contemporaries of the north‐eastern literary circle.