現代日本の都市寺院を支える講中の役割 －堀之内妙法寺を事例として－
Role of Religious Associations in Supporting Urban Temples in Contemporary Japan: Case Study of the Horinouchi Myohoji Temple
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초록
本稿では東京都杉並区の堀之内妙法寺を事例に、都市部の寺院を支える担い手と しての講中の現代的な役割を明らかにすることを試みた。堀之内妙法寺においては 門前の宅地化によって地縁・血縁が希薄化したことを背景に、講中の構成員は流動 化し開放性を持ち、伝統的な祭礼の担い手としてのみならずイベントの主催といっ た世俗的役割も担うようになっている。都市化にともなう人口流動や転入出、地 縁・血縁の希薄化が進む都市部の寺院においては、檀信徒や葬送儀礼といった先祖 祭祀に関わる文化のみならず、年中⾏事の重要な担い手として寺院を支えてきた講 中も変化を経験している。講中を焦点化した現代日本の仏教寺院研究の必要性が示 唆されるとともに、今後は一事例のみならず他の事例との比較も望まれる。
Abstract
This paper investigates the role that religious associations play supporters of urban temples, taking the Horinouchi Myohoji Temple in Suginami Ward, Tokyo, as a case study. Recently, the members of the religious association Horinouchi Myohoji Temple have become more mobile and open and come to play secular roles in addition to acting as bearers of traditional festivals and extending to acting as organizers of events. This is taking place against a backdrop of the weakening of local and blood ties as a result of the conversion of the frontal area of the temple into residential land that has occurred since the end of World War II. Urban temples are experiencing changes in the culture going beyond those related to ancestral rituals, such as serving parishioners and performing funeral rites, to those related to religious associations, which have supported temples and are important players in annual events. This suggests the need for additional research on Buddhist temples in modern Japan, with a focus on religious associations; in addition, future comparison with other cases is also desirable.