成渾의 人心道心共發說

Abstract

Seong Hon(成渾) is generally estimated as the first representative of the eclectic school. Most of researchers believe that the eclectic school partly accepted Yi Hwang(李滉)’s and Yi Yi(李珥)’s theory of emotion, feeling, heart, mind and conciousness. Seong Hon argued that the unmoral consciousness(人心) and the moral consciousness(道心) are issued simultaneously at the exact moment when emotion is generated, and that those do not exist until emotion starts to be issued. Those who regard Seong Hon’s as eclecticism think as follows:the argument that two kinds of consciousness are issued had been accepted from the Yi Hwang’s, and the argument that those do not exist until emotion starts to be issued had been accepted from the Yi Yi’s. But Yi Hwang’s and Yi Yi’s theory are incompatible with each other. Yi Hwang asserted that there are moments when the impartial emotion(道心) is issued as well as the usual emotion(人心) is. But it is impossible that two kinds of emotions are issued simultaneously in the Yi Hwang’s, and the concept Yi Hwang addressed is not “consciousness” but “emotion”. On the other hand, Seong Hon’s viewpoint about li(理) and ki(氣) is identical to the Yi Yi’s, for both Seong Hon and Yi Yi argued that emotion and consciousness belong to ki(氣). Seong Hon is not an eclectic, and besides the so-called eclectic school did not exist in the Joseon(朝鮮) period.