汉语二语者与母语者“在”的搭配对比研究
A comparative study of the Chinese word “在(zài)” collocations in native and second language learners’ corpus
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초록
本文采用基于语料库的量化研究方法，对比汉语二语者与母语者“在”字的搭配行为。结果表明，二语者“在”的搭配呈现单一化、简单化及原型化等特点。首先，二语者和母语者“在”字的搭配词词频和类联接数量差异不大，但二语者的词种数显著低于母语者，尤其是左搭配的动词、名词及右搭配的名词等主要词种的复现率较高。其次，在词汇方面，二语者的搭配词以HSK1-4级等中低级词汇为主，高级词汇数量逐级减少，且口语化特征明显，而母语者的高级词汇占比不降反升；在句法方面，二语者倾向于使用句首介词短语，以回避句中复杂的语序问题。第三，母语者“在”字搭配词中原型处所义占比39%，而二语者则高达80%，表现出明显的原型化倾向。
Abstract
This study employs a corpus-based quantitative approach to compare the usage of the Chinese word “在 (zài)” by second language learners and native speakers. The findings reveal that second language learners demonstrate singularity, simplification, and a tendency toward prototypical usage in “在(zài)” collocations. The learners exhibit fewer types of collocational words, especially in major categories like verbs and nouns. In terms of vocabulary, learners primarily use intermediate to lower-level words (HSK1-4), while native speakers maintain a steady or increasing proportion of advanced vocabulary. Syntactically, second language learners prefer using prepositional phrases at the beginning of sentences to avoid complex structures. Additionally, prototypical meanings constitute 80% of “在” collocations for learners, compared to 39% for native speakers.