국립중앙박물관 소장 유리건판의 고려 1327년 황해도 황주 成佛社堂主無量壽鑄成願文 연구

Abstract

Seongbulsa Temple, Hwangju, is located in the Jeongbang Mountain Castle in Hwangju-gun, Hwanghae-buk-do, and was founded in 898 by Doseon Guksa(道詵國師, 827-898). This paper is a study analyzing the Seongbulsa Dangju Muryangsuju Seongwonmun(成佛社堂主無量壽鑄成願文, Prayer of Casting the Hall Master Amitabha of Seongbulsa, hereafter the Prayer), found from the relics filmed during the Japanese occupation period in Seongbulsa Temple. The folded Prayer commemorates the background, purpose, and patrons of the Seongbulsa Amitabha triad project in 1327. Among the forty-one patrons, it can be seen that about thirty were officials, indicating that it was a project led by officials. In particular, Bak Hwan-●(朴桓●), who used the terms "Jeonggung-wiha (正宮位下)" and "Hwaja(火者)," is believed to be a Yuan eunuch(元宦官) of Goryeo birth, suggesting that he was an official of Yuan Empress's court. Another participant named Yun Seok(尹碩) is known to be a close confidant of King Chungsuk(忠肅王, 1294-1339, r. 1332-1339). In addition, many officials from Hwangju (黃州) and Pyeongan-do(平安道) participated; this reflects the geographic characteristics of Hwangju, which is adjacent to Pyeongan-do. In this way, the Prayer is an uncommon case as it was participated by the Yuan eunuch of Goryeo birth, officials close to King Chungsuk, and officials of the Pyeongan-do region. It is known that there was a large-scale architectural project for the entire temple complex at Seongbulsa Temple in 1327, as the Eungjinjeon Hall was built together with the Amitabha triad. According to an ink inscription stating the eunuch Yi Samdae(李三大) 's participation, eunuchs seem to be critical Buddhist patrons of this project. Therefore, it can be said that the Seongbulsa project shows the trend of 14th century Goryeo, in which the Yuan eunuchs of Goryeo birth conveyed various Buddhist patron activities in Goryeo and Yuan Dynasty based on their wealth and power. On the other hand, there is a glass plate picture of the Buddhist statue that is believed to the storage of the Prayer. The way the robe is worn and the detailed expressions are similar to the Copper Seated Amitabha Buddha(1333) at the National Museum of Korea, and the Gilt-bronze Seated Bhaisajyaguru Buddha of Janggoksa Temple, Cheongyang(1346). It is noteworthy that there are also similar 8 Buddha statues in the North Korean region. Therefore, the Buddha statue in the glass plate picture of Seongbulsa is certainly a statue made in the 14th century.