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기업의 소유구조와 R&D 투자간의 관계

The Relations between Ownership Structure and R&D Investment of Firms

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 1997년 1월 1일부터 2008년 12월 31일까지 한국거래소의 유가증권시장과 코스닥시장에 상장된 기업을 대상으로 소유구조와 R&D 투자간의 관계를 실증분석 하였으며, 주요한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 대주주지분율이 증가할수록, 대주주들 간의 소유집중도가 증가할수록, 그리고 1대주주와 2대주주간의 지분율 차이가 클수록 R&D 투자가 증가한다. 대주주들은 지속적인 성장 동력과 장기적인 수익성을 확보하기 위하여 위험을 감수하고라도 회임기간이 길고 불확실한 R&D 투자에 대하여 위험선호적인 적극적 태도를 취한다. 그러나 경영자지분율이 증가할수록 R&D 투자는 감소한다. 경영자들은 회임기간이 길고 불확실성이 큰 R&D 투자에 대하여 위험회피적인 소극적 태도를 취한다. 경영자들은 위험한 R&D 투자가 실패할 경우 자신의 보상이 감소하거나 고용불안이 증가할 수 있기 때문에 위험회피적인 소극적 태도를 취한다. 그리고 소유구조변수의 영향은 중소기업이 대기업보다 크게 나왔고, 코스닥시장 상장기업이 유가증권시장 상장기업보다 더 크게 나왔다. 결론적으로, 한국거래소의 유가증권시장과 코스닥시장에 상장된 기업들은 소유구조와 R&D 투자 간에 밀접한 관계가 있다. 세부적으로 보면, 대주주지분율이 증가할수록, 대주주들 간의 소유집중도가 증가할수록, 그리고 1대주주와 2대주주간의 지분율 차이가 클수록 R&D 투자가 증가한다. 그러나 경영자지분율이 증가할수록 R&D 투자는 감소한다. 다시 말해, 대주주들은 회임기간이 길고 불확실한 R&D 투자에 대하여 위험선호적인 적극적 태도를 취하지만, 경영자들은 위험회피적인 소극적 태도를 취한다. 이러한 결과는 대주주와 경영자 간에 R&D 투자에 대한 위험선호도 차이로 인하여 대리인 문제가 발생할 수 있다는 실증적 증거가 된다. 따라서 R&D 투자를 촉진하기 위해서는 대주주와 경영자간의 비대칭정보를 완화시키고 경영자들의 위험선호도를 증가시킬 수 있는 보상정책과 소유구조정책이 필요하다고 생각한다.

Abstract

In this paper, we analyse empirically the relations between ownership structure and R&D investment of firms listed on Korea Securities Market and Kosdaq Market of Korea Exchange. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. R&D investment increase as large shareholder' equity holdings increase, R&D investment increase as ownership concentration increase, and R&D investment increase as the difference between first largest shareholder's and second largest shareholder's equity holdings increase. Large shareholders take up a risk taking attitude about uncertain R&D investment to obtain the sustainable growth power and long-term profitability. Large shareholders ease asymmetry information about R&D investment because they have abilities to collect information and motivation. and they need to maintain cooperation relation with manager on liquidity problem caused by massive equity holdings. But R&D investment decrease as managerial equity holdings increase. Managers take up a risk hedging attitude about uncertain R&D investment to sustain their compensation level and employment stability. These results support the agency theory between shareholders and managers. This paper contributes to defining information value of large shareholder's equity holdings on R&D investment for a firms' other stakeholders such as investors and creditors. Ownership concentration might have negatively affected the evolution of the legal and institutional frameworks for corporate governance and the manner in which economic activity is conducted. It could be a formidable barrier to future policy reform.

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