先秦諸子와 朱熹의 이단 비판

Abstract

This research was designed to understand the Zhu Xi’s Neo- Confucianism as an extension of the pre-Qin philosophers’ studies. The subject is the criticism of the pre-Qin philosophers and Zhu Xi on the heresy. In this research, it was discovered that the way of criticizing philosophers in the pre-Qin period such as Mengzi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi was also repeated in that of Zhu Xi’s criticism on the Laozi-Zhuangzi Philosophy and Buddhism. How is this possible? The criticisms of the pre-Qin philosophers and Zhu Xi on the heresy are based upon understanding the fundamental concept of Dao not changed much in the history of the Chinese philosophy. Dao is the origin of all things, presents the principle of human behaviors, and owns the attributes of the infinite being. If limited, it is just one of the many beings, not the root of all beings. Also, it is not logical to provide only one way to people who need to experience and respond to every different situation. Even though each Chinese philosopher presented their own theories on Dao to guide people, they were often criticized as biased. Pre-Qin philosophers criticized each other because they had lost the ability to see the whole world by insisting just one opinion, and so did Zhu Xi. He argued that Laozi-Zhuangzi Philosophy and Buddhism are biased, which made people forsake their domestic, social responsibilities.