한국 성인의 금융 역량 평점과 결정 요인
Financial Competency Scores of Korean Adults: Level and Its Determinants
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금융 환경의 급속한 변화와 고령화 사회의 도래로 인해 합리적 금융 의사결정과 더 높은 수준의 금융 웰빙 달성을위한 수단으로써, 개인 금융 역량의 중요성이 점점 커지고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 우리나라 성인의 금융 역량을세밀하게 측정하고 평가하는 연구나 개인의 금융 역량에 영향을 미치는 요인 및 크기를 분석하는 연구는 드물다. 이러한 괴리를 메우려는 목적에서 이 연구는 한국형 금융 역량 척도를 개발하고 25∼64세의 성인 1,422명을 조사한뒤, 금융 역량 평점을 구하고 금융 역량 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 추정한다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 남자, 연령대와학력이 높은 사람의 금융 역량 수준이 더 높고 금융 투자를 활발하게 하거나 금융 자산을 많이 보유하고 있는 사람의금융 역량 평점이 높다. 이 외에도 본인의 금융 지식 수준에 대한 확신과 욕구, 시장 경제에 대한 우호적 인식도개인의 금융 역량 수준에 긍정적으로 기여하는 변수이다. 금융 역량을 구성하는 3개 핵심 차원을 분리해 각각의결정 요인을 추정한 결과, 금융 지식 확신, 금융 지식 욕구, 시장 경제 인식 변수는 지식과 이해, 행위와 기능, 태도와가치 차원의 역량에 모두 긍정적으로 기여하지만, 인구사회학 변수는 핵심 차원에 따라 유의미 여부가 달라진다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 금융교육 전문가가 금융 역량 강화를 위한 교육 프로그램을 개발하거나 정부가 국가 전략을마련할 때 특히 초점을 두어야 할 역량이 무엇이며 금융교육의 우선순위를 누구에게 두어야 하는지에 대한 시사점을파악할 수 있다
Abstract
Individuals are increasingly looking to equip themselves with appropriate financial competencies to make reasonable decisions and achieve a higher level of financial well-being, as economic environments change rapidly in the wake of an aging society. Despite its significance, only limited studies in Korea have explored what financial competencies are, how they should be measured, and what characteristics are associated with these competencies. To address this gap, this study develops a financial competency scale and measures the competency scores of Korean adults aged 25–64 by analyzing survey data of 1,422 respondents. The analysis results suggest that men, older people, and individuals with higher educational levels have greater financial competencies, compared to females, younger people, and those with lower educational levels, as are those who actively invest in stocks or have more financial assets. In addition, confidence in and the desire to acquire financial knowledge, and favorable perceptions toward the market economy positively contributed to an individual’s financial competency level. The results of estimating the three core dimensions of financial competency separately demonstrate that confidence in and desire to acquire financial knowledge, and favorable perceptions of market economy have a positive effect among the three dimensions, although demographic factors vary in their significance depending on core dimensions. The results allow experts and the government to comprehensively understand which competencies to emphasize and who should be prioritized when developing educational programs and national strategies to strengthen people’s financial competencies.
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