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창의적 문제 해결 과정에 있어 ‘지각’의 개념과 역할에 대한 고찰

Examining the Concept and Role of Perception in the Process of Creative Problem Solving

임웅|이경민
한국영재교육학회 (The Korean Society for Gifted and Talented)|2017.11|영재와 영재교육 (The Journal of the Korean Society for Gifted and Talented)|제16권 제3호|pp. 51-70|DOI 10.17839/jksgt.2017.16.3.51

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참고문헌

키워드

Perception표상Representation지각Gestalt형태주의Creative Problem Solving창의적 문제 해결표상 전환 이론Representational Change Theory

초록

본 논문에서는 고전적 형태주의와 신 형태주의 심리학, 특히 표상 전환 이론에 있어서의 ‘지각’의 의미와 역할을 고찰하고, 이러한 ‘지각’의 역할에 대한 관점이 창의적 문제 해결 과정을 다루는 연구에 미쳐온 영향을 분석하고자 했다. 본 연구를 진행한 이유는 창의적인 문제 해결 과정에서 가장 중요하게 다루어지고 있는 것이 해결 과정에서 있어 ‘지각’의 역할임에도 불구하고, 여전히 ‘지각’에 대한 통일된 정의라든가 적용 범위 등 ‘지각’ 자체에 대한 보편적인 합의가 이루어지지 않고 있다는 문제의식 때문이었다. 연구 결과, 고전적인 형태주의 심리학자들은 전경-배경 역전과 같은 지각장에서의 순수 지각의 의미로 지각의 기능을 한정하고 있는 반면, 표상 전환 이론으로 대표되는 신형태주의 심리학에서는 지각을 과거의 경험이나 선행 지식에 대한 해석을 포함하는 표상의 의미에 보다 가까운 의미로 사용하고 있었다. 이처럼 지각 개념이 점차 확장된 의미로 사용됨으로써 이론의 설명력은 향상되었지만, 이로 인해 또 다른 소모적 논쟁의 계속되는 측면도 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서의 논의는 창의적인 문제 해결 과정에 대해 현재 제안되고 실행되는 다양한 전략이나 프로그램의 타당성을 진단하고 그 효과성을 검토할 수 있는 이론적 토대를 검증할 수 있는 단서를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 의미가 있다 할 것이다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the perspective of classical Gestalt and neo-Gestalt psychology, especially the representational change theory, which has maintained the position that creative problem solving process is different from general problem solving process, on the role of 'perception' on the study of creative problem solving process. Although the perception has the key role for the creative problem solving process unlike the general problem solving process, there is no consensus on the concept yet. The results of this study show that classical Gestalt psychologists limit the function of perception as the meaning of pure perception in the perception field such as foreground-background inversion, whereas in the neo-Gestalt psychology which is represented by the representational change theory, the meaning of the representation including the interpretation of knowledge. The use of the concept of perception in this extended sense meant that the explanatory power of the theories was improved, but this also led to the continuation of other consumptive controversies. The discussion in this study would provide a clue to validate the theoretical basis for examining the validity of various strategies and programs currently being proposed and implemented for the creative problem solving process.

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