통찰! 지각인가 혹은 지식인가? :인지의 하향처리과정으로서의 통찰
Insight! Perception or knowledge? Demonstrating the role of top-down processing leading insight.
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초록
본 연구에서는 지각(perception)의 역할로 통찰이 발생한다는 형태심리학 논점의 논리적 오류에 대한 분석을 기초로, 통찰이 인지의 하향처리과정(top-down processing)으로 설명될 수 있음을 증명하고자 했다. 이를 검증하기 위하여, 두 가지 차원의 답이 동시에 내재된 문제 상황에서 통찰을 유도하는 지식이 제시되었을 때 통찰현상은 지각의 전환과 관계없이 발생할 것이라는 가설이 설정되었다. 실험결과 문제 상황에서 통찰현상을 경험하지 못했던 피험자 중 거의 대부분이 통찰을 유도하는 지식이 제시되었을 때 어렵지 않게 통찰을 경험하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 통찰이 형태심리학의 가정과는 상이하게 인지의 하향처리과정으로 충분히 설명될 수 있음을 지지하는 결과로서, 이는 창의성 발현에 핵심이 되는 통찰과정의 보다 심도 있는 이해와 창의성 향상 프로그램의 개발에 실질적인 함의를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 그 의미가 있다 할 것이다.
Abstract
Current study proposes the hypothesis that insight is leaded by the function of the knowledge, not of the perception. To test specific prediction proposed by the hypothesis, 131 adults participated in the experiment designed to identify the role of knowledge during two experimental sessions. The results supported my proposed hypothesis. That is, most participants who failed to find hidden answer in the task at the first trial were able to find the right answer right after presenting two hints at the second experiment. This indicates that sudden problem solving (i.e., insight) is caused by the experiences or knowledge of problem solvers (i.e., top-down processing of the cognition), not by simple changing of perception assumed by the Gestalt psychology camp.
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