농암 김창협의 성의론(誠意論) 연구 ― 무자기(毋自欺) 개념을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

Kim Chang-hyeop, a representative scholar of the Noron(老論) faction in the late Joseon period, inherited Yi I’s concept of ‘seong-ui(誠意)’ and developed his own theory of self-cultivation. Yi I, the academic leader of the Seoin(西人), emphasized that ‘ui(意)’ should play a rational role in helping emotions maintain appropriate balance when they arise unconsciously upon perceiving external objects. Building on this foundation, Kim Chang-hyeop emphasized the cultivation of ‘seong-ui’. However, Kim Chang-hyeop was concerned about bringing the issue of righteousness practice to the attention of Joseon scholars of his time. He therefore emphasized that ‘seong-ui’ should be practiced in such a way as not to deceive oneself. His discussion is distinctive in that, unlike Yi I’s approach, he discusses ‘seong-ui’ with particular emphasis on ‘not deceiving oneself[毋自欺]’. By linking ‘not deceiving oneself’ to the issue of moral will, Kim Chang-hyeop opened a discussion on the inner strength that drives moral practice. He made it clear that ‘seong-ui’ is not merely a rational activity concerned with maintaining the proper balance of emotions, but rather a reflective practice driven by moral will to fully realize goodness. In doing so, he secured the motivating force behind moral action. Kim Chang-hyeop recognized that moral will can easily be weakened through selfishness and self-interest, and therefore urged people to maintain an attitude of reverence[敬] in their daily lives. He believed that by disciplining improper thoughts through reverence and cultivating moral character, one could consistently demonstrate the will to fully practice goodness and engage in reflective practice.