네팔의 민주화와 종족성의 정치(1): 제2차 인민봉기 이후를 중심으로
Democratization and Ethnic Politics in Nepal(1):After 2006 People's Movement(Jana Andolan Ⅱ)
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이 글은 2006년 제2차 인민봉기(Jana Andolan Ⅱ) 이후 네팔의 민주화 운동과 종족성의 정치가 어떻게 충돌되고 있는가를 분석하였다. 네팔에서 민주주의에 대한 열망은 2006년 4월에 발발한 인민봉기와 더불어 거세게 일어났다. 인민봉기로 240여 년간 지속되어 온 힌두왕정이 무너졌으며 2008년 제헌국회를 통해 연방제 민주정부가 구성되었다는 점에서 보면 네팔의 정치는 과거와 단절되었다고 할 수 있다. 한편으로는 종족 연방주의 혹은 종족성에 기반을 둔 연방제가 정치적 의제로 등장하면서 네팔의 정치적 환경은 크게 소용돌이치고 있다. 다른 한편으로는 종족 연방주의를 둘러싼 논의가 가열되면서 정치적 담론은 소수자 및 전통적으로 소외된 종족집단 또는 자나자티(Janajati)를 사회적 배제에서 사회적 포용으로 전환하려는 움직임이 활발하게 전개되고 있다.
Abstract
This article examines how the movement of democratization came into collision with the ethnic politics after 2006 People's Movement(Jana Andolan Ⅱ). The prospects for democracy-building in Nepal are established in April 2006 after the popular movement which brought down the royal regime through mass protest and political action. The most significant break with the past was the resolution to abolish the 240-year-old Hindu monarchy and create a federal democratic republic through 2008 Constituent Assembly. However, the emergent of ethnic federalism or ethnicity based federalization has changed the political environments of Nepal. As an incoherent discuss upon the ethnic federalism progressed, the political theme or ideology is proceeded from social exclusion to social inclusion of the minority and traditionally excluded ethnic groups or the Janajatis.
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