『老乞大』 4종 판본 의지류 조동사 考察
A restudy on Auxiliary verb of will in the four editions of 『Laoqida(老乞大)』
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In this study, it was looked that opinion of chinese grammar academic field that an auxiliary verb of will has to classified as a verb and it was explained that reason that an auxiliary verb to express ‘will, possibility’ with an auxiliary verb to express ‘necessity, possibility, and permission’ in view point of general linguistics. Also, to examine that an auxiliary verb of will is expressed through ‘grammar measure’ in modern chinese, it was examined that measure of a part of speech for ‘待, 待要, 要, 想, 肯, 敢’ appeared in the four editions of 『Laoqida(老乞大)』. Standard used for distintion to confirm that they are auxiliary verbs are like followings. ① Are they accompanied with an object as a declinable word?② When it is, what is grammatical meaning, that is, is Does it meet grammatical meaning of an auxiliary verb?As standardizing these two conditions, the results of consideration about analysis of combined components accompanied by ‘待, 待要, 要, 想, 肯, 敢’ and examination of measure of a part of speech through analysis on grammatical meaning of each case are like followings. First, ‘待, 待要, 要, 肯, 敢’ are certainly auxiliary verbs of will, however, ‘想’ among them, it would be right to be considered as a psychological verb as seeing followings. ① It appeared(26 times) mainly with accompanying a complement or a postposition and it appeared rarely(3 times) with accompanying a verb(phrase). ② Also, in mose cases, ‘想’ was used as meaning of ‘to think, to intend’ etc. ③ Grammatical meaning of ‘想+VP’ can be also classified as a case of being analyzed by an auxiliary verb and a case of being analyzed by a verb. Second, ‘待(total 19 times), 待要(total 4 times)’ were mainly used in 『Yuanben-Laoqida(原本老乞大)』and 『Fanyi-Laoqida(翻译老乞大)』, this use have remained in the Western dialect of Inner Mongolia (内蒙古-西部方言), Taiyuan dialect(太原方言) and so on now. Third, ‘要’ was appeared in 『Yuanben-Laoqida(原本老乞大)』of only 3 times, but it was appeared in 『Fanyi-Laoqida(翻译老乞大)』of 16 times and times of use raised gradually and in 『Laoqida-Xinshi(老乞大新释)』(50 times) 『Chongkan-Laoqida-Yanjie(重刊老乞大谚解)』(42 times), it was often appeared and it was shown that the most high frequency of appearance (111 times:50.5%) among whole auxiliary verbs of will. Forth, ‘肯’, appeared total 40 times, showed an aspect to appear frequently in negative sentence, ‘敢’, appeared total 46 times, showed an aspect to appear often in negative sentence and rhetorical sentence.
Abstract
In this study, it was looked that opinion of chinese grammar academic field that an auxiliary verb of will has to classified as a verb and it was explained that reason that an auxiliary verb to express ‘will, possibility’ with an auxiliary verb to express ‘necessity, possibility, and permission’ in view point of general linguistics. Also, to examine that an auxiliary verb of will is expressed through ‘grammar measure’ in modern chinese, it was examined that measure of a part of speech for ‘待, 待要, 要, 想, 肯, 敢’ appeared in the four editions of 『Laoqida(老乞大)』. Standard used for distintion to confirm that they are auxiliary verbs are like followings. ① Are they accompanied with an object as a declinable word?② When it is, what is grammatical meaning, that is, is Does it meet grammatical meaning of an auxiliary verb?As standardizing these two conditions, the results of consideration about analysis of combined components accompanied by ‘待, 待要, 要, 想, 肯, 敢’ and examination of measure of a part of speech through analysis on grammatical meaning of each case are like followings. First, ‘待, 待要, 要, 肯, 敢’ are certainly auxiliary verbs of will, however, ‘想’ among them, it would be right to be considered as a psychological verb as seeing followings. ① It appeared(26 times) mainly with accompanying a complement or a postposition and it appeared rarely(3 times) with accompanying a verb(phrase). ② Also, in mose cases, ‘想’ was used as meaning of ‘to think, to intend’ etc. ③ Grammatical meaning of ‘想+VP’ can be also classified as a case of being analyzed by an auxiliary verb and a case of being analyzed by a verb. Second, ‘待(total 19 times), 待要(total 4 times)’ were mainly used in 『Yuanben-Laoqida(原本老乞大)』and 『Fanyi-Laoqida(翻译老乞大)』, this use have remained in the Western dialect of Inner Mongolia (内蒙古-西部方言), Taiyuan dialect(太原方言) and so on now. Third, ‘要’ was appeared in 『Yuanben-Laoqida(原本老乞大)』of only 3 times, but it was appeared in 『Fanyi-Laoqida(翻译老乞大)』of 16 times and times of use raised gradually and in 『Laoqida-Xinshi(老乞大新释)』(50 times) 『Chongkan-Laoqida-Yanjie(重刊老乞大谚解)』(42 times), it was often appeared and it was shown that the most high frequency of appearance (111 times:50.5%) among whole auxiliary verbs of will. Forth, ‘肯’, appeared total 40 times, showed an aspect to appear frequently in negative sentence, ‘敢’, appeared total 46 times, showed an aspect to appear often in negative sentence and rhetorical sentence.
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