젠더, 인식, 그리고 젠더폭력: 트랜스(젠더)페미니즘을 모색하기 위한 메모, 네 번째
Gender, Recognition, and Gendering the Body/Gendering Violence: Notes for Trans(Gender)Feminism, 4th
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이 논문은 비트랜스여성을 중심으로 논하는 기존의 젠더와 폭력의 관계를 트랜스(젠더)페미니즘 맥락에서 비판적으로 재독해한다. 이를 통해 젠더폭력이 젠더를 체화하는 과정일 뿐만 아니라 비트랜스페미니즘과 트랜스페미니즘의 접점을 모색할 중요한 토대임을 논증한다. 제2 물결 페미니즘은 섹스와 젠더를 구분하면서 여성이 겪는 억압을 생물학적 본질이 아니라 사회문화적 구성으로 설명했다. 섹스와 젠더를 구분하는 전략은 페미니즘 이론 및 운동에 중요한 도구가 되었고 현재도 인식론적 토대로 작동하고 있다. 하지만 일부 페미니즘은 섹스와 젠더의 관계, 생물학적 몸과 젠더 범주의 관계가 필연적이란 기존 규범을 문제 삼지 않았고, 여자로 태어난 사람이 여성이 된다는 인식을 당연시했다. 섹스와 젠더를 동일시하는 토대는, 섹스와 젠더의 ‘불일치’를 근거로 트랜스젠더에게 혐오 폭력을 가하는 가해자의 행위를 정당화하는 논리와 공명하다. 이것은 트랜스젠더 경험과 비트랜스젠더의 경험을 별개의 것으로 다루면서 발생한 문제기도 하다. 본 연구는 트랜스젠더의 젠더 경험과 비트랜스젠더의 젠더 경험이 교차한다는 인식에서 젠더 폭력을 여성에 대한 폭력이 아니라 젠더 규범을 몸에 각인시키는 실천으로 재해석한다. 젠더 폭력을 젠더 체화로 설명하는 작업은 젠더 경합과 아내폭력을 재해석하는 과정을 통해 이루어진다. 이것은 mtf/트랜스여성이 겪는 폭력과 비트랜스여성이 겪는 폭력이 연속선상에 있음을 논하는 작업이며 트랜스젠더 연속체를 모색하는 과정이기도 하다.
Abstract
This article critically reviews existing studies on the relationship between gender and violence that is non-transwomen centred. The aim is not only to argue that gendering violence is a process of embodying gender; it is also to adduce that gendering violence is the important basis for establishing the point of contact of transfeminism and non-transfeminism. Second wave feminism distinguished sex from gender and argued that women’ oppression is not innate but constructed by socio-cultural structures. The strategy for distinguishing between sex and gender became a major tool for feminist theories and movements, and it continues to serve as a feminist epistemological basis. Yet, feminism did not challenge the existing norm that establishes the necessary connection between sex and gender, and between biology and gender categories. Rather, it embraced the cognitive framework that considers a person who becomes a woman as someone who must have been born female. Thereupon, the sex/gender distinction, once utilised as a strategy for ending oppression, has become the basis of the defence of transphobic violent attackers. The problem emerges from the different theoretical treatments of transgender people’ gender experience and that of non-transgender people, as if these are two different subjects. With the recognition of the intersection of the trangender and non-transgender gender experiences, this research will reinterpret the concept of gender violence, not as violence against women but as the practice of burning gender norms themselves into the body. Through the reinterpretation of gender dysphoria and violence against wife/woman, gendering violence will therefore be interpreted as the process of gendering the body. This work will culminate in the argument that there is continuity between the violence experienced by mtf/transwomen and non-transwomen, and that there is also a process for establishing a transgender continuum.
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